Can Sri Lanka Apparel Industry Face Future Challenges?

Can Sri Lanka Apparel Industry Face Future Challenges? 1. Sri Lanka has traditionally been an agro-based economy from the ancient time. With the Industrial Revolution taking root in Europe and later spreading to the rest of the world, Sri Lanka too had to take its place in this scenario. Factory scale production of ready made garments in Sri Lanka had its beginnings in the early 1950s to become the largest industry in the Sri Lankan economy. During the pre-liberalization era (pre-1977), the domestic textile industry was essentially an import substitution industry confined to a few large-scale textile industries run by the government. The textile industry did not make much progress during this period. The garment industry has its origins in the mid- 1960s, but unlike the textile industry, the former was mainly run by the private sector. Initially, almost all of the garments produced were for the domestic market and there were hardly any exports during this period. A large share of the industry was in the hands of few companies. Since the importation of textiles was either banned or restricted, locally produced textiles mainly fed the garment industry. GARMENTS: All external and internal finished common clothing items such as shirts, T shirts, pants, dresses, sports clothing, fashion garments, under garments etc. APPAREL : finished clothing that can be considered as supporting clothing or accessories such as jackets, lingerie, leather clothing, knitted garments, shoes, hats, gloves, fashion accessories etc. 2. The period after the late 1970s saw a rapid expansion of the garment industry in Sri Lanka. The phenomenal growth during this period can be attributed to three major factors: a. The first is the market-oriented liberal economic policies introduced in 1977, which placed greater emphasis on the export-led industries. b. The second is the supportive measures taken by the government through the Board of Investment, such as duty free importation of industrial inputs, off-shore borrowing facilities, tax holidays or concessional taxation, etc. These measures together with the availability of labour- intensive industries such as garments. c. The next important factor which contributed to the Sri Lankan apparel industry is the Multi Fibre arrangement ( MFA ). AIM 4. The aim of this research is to discuss about the apparel industry in Sri Lanka and analyse the future challenges. CHAPTER TWO METHODOLOGY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: 1. The apparel sector had grown tremendously after introducing the open economy. Now it has become the leading export industry replacing the traditional tea and rubber. It is the most significant and dynamic contributor of Sri Lankan economy. 2. The major drawback in the Sri Lankan apparel industry is that it has not upgraded with latest technologies and modern consumer demands to compete with the other countries, mostly the South East Asian countries. National economy will definitely be affected if the country fails to address the drawbacks in the industry. 3. The aim of my research is to identify the weaknesses in the apparel sector and to suggest favourable and appropriate solutions to secure the industry. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 4. It is hypothesized that the reason for not upgrading with the latest technology and consumer demands is lack of capital, incompatible demands and high competition.    SCOPE OF THE STUDY 5. The scope of the study covers an assessment of the ready made garment industry in Sri Lanka taking three well known factories in to consideration. Factors that had been an impact to the industry will be identified through the research and the root causes of the problem will be then be identified. Recommendations will be made for the improvement. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION 6. The required data for the research will be drawn from the following sources; a. Primary sources Primary sources will include information collected by interviewing resource personnel in the garment sector. b. Secondary sources Information will be gathered from relevant books, journals, the internet, treaties, conventions as well as international and local enactments of relevance. CHAPTER THREE OVERVIEW OF THE APPAREL INDUSTRY HISTORY   1. The textile and clothing industry had emerged from a modest beginning in the early 1950s A few pioneering industrialists who started out on an uncertain course at this time , confident their manufacture to only some popular items of garments and catered essentially to local demand. By the end of the 1950s there was a reversal in policies and the economy moved towards restrictions on imports and a policy of import substitution in industry began to be perused. While the major basic industries were reserved for the state; a wide range of consumer goods industries were opened to the private sector , which was provide with various investment incentives and a protected market. Over the decade of the 1960s as many as 300 categories of industrial products began to be manufactured locally. Among this range of products a major item was textiles and another ready made garments, though from the outset raw materials required for the garments industry were imported. 2. It was in the late1960s that Sri Lankas ready made garments began to break into export markets. Sri Lankas shirts had found acceptability in markets such as the UK and Soviet Union and a leading shirt manufacture began exporting up to Rs:2 million worth of product annually to the USSR, within the bilateral trade agreement between Sri Lanka and the USSR. 3. Around 1972 there was a change in outlook towards the industry as existing policy was altered to allow certain sectors to adapt an export oriented approach. Special foreign exchange allocations and other fiscal and tax incentives were offered to selected export oriented industries under this package. In the first six years of the 1970s over 2500 industrial units received approval from the Local Industries Approve Committee (LIAC) and of these nearly 2000 were in the product group of Textiles and Textile based industries. By the mid 1970s wage/ pries inflation and imposition of trade quotas on exports of traditional Asian Suppliers of made-up garments such as Hong Kong , Taiwan, South ,Korea and Singapore made Sri Lanka more attractive location for the industry. New units began to be established in collaboration with foreign capital/marketing, while production was being upgraded through import. 4. The period after the late 1970s saw a rapid expansion of the clothing industry in Sri Lanka. The impressive growth witnessed during this period can be attributed to two major factors. The first is the market-oriented liberal economic policies introduced in 1977. The market friendly economic reforms, which identified the private sector as the engine of growth, places greater emphasis on the export-led industries. 5. The second important factor which contributes to the remarkable expansion of the Sri Lanka textile and clothing industry is the Multi Fibre Arrangement ( MFA ). Sri Lanka is one of the countries that benefited from the quota hopping investments. The overseas manufactures of garment who relocated their production facilities in Sri Lanka include firms from both and Newly Industrialize Countries ( NICs) in East Asian and Europe. While the NIC firms moved their operations mainly as a means of quota hopping the motivation for producers of countries such as Germany and the UK to move into Sri Lanka was the rising production costs in their home countries. Given the ability to separate to different stages of the clothing industry, these overseas producers were able to disintegrate their production lines into low-cost countries like Sri Lanka without much difficulty. Investments by these two categories of foreign manufacturers fuelled the growth of the Sri Lankan clothing industry to a lar ge extent. In fact, the factories set up as joint ventures and wholly owned foreign companies account for almost half of the total exports earning from garments. MULTI FIBRE ARRANGEMENT 6. The Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA) is a system of quotas designed to protect garment industries in first world countries by slowing down the pace of globalization. The MFA does not apply to the expanding garment trade between rich countries. 7. The MFA has had a complex but crucial impact on the development of the garment industry. In the Third World, by imposing limits on poor country exports, it encouraged investors to shop around for new countries. This because of the increase in volumes of ready made garment entering developed countries caused concern and eventually led the developed countries to seek the occurrence of The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT) to protect their markets. The reason for this concern was due to the fact that the industrialised countries never caused to be textile and garment manufactures because the industry employed a large number of women specially minorities and immigrants in the USA and Europe. GATT,s solution to the dilemma of the industrialised nations was the Multi Fibre Arrangements (MFA) which imposed quota restrictions on certain garment categories, there by limiting the quantity of apparels that could be exported to the developed countries by any single developing cou ntry. This curtailed the potential of countries like Hong Kong, South Korea, Mexico and Yugoslavia which were advanced textile manufactures. In turn it allowed countries like India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka to enter the industry with guaranteed markets. It was first introduced in 1974 and will end in 2005. As a result there was a world wide boom in the textile and apparel export industry in the mid 1980s. 200 GARMENT FACTORIES PROGRAMME (200 GFP)   8. In view of the infrastructure facilities and close proximity to the port and airport facilities etc. most textile and clothing manufacturers concentrated their operations in or around the Western province, where the countrys capital is located. As a result, unemployment one for the major problem faced by Sri Lanka continued to remain high in the other parts of the island. Growing unemployment resulted in youth unrest in most of the rural areas. Thus, in 1990,a Cabinet Sub-Committee recommended that garment factories should be opened in provincial areas other than the Western Province. Consequently, the 200 garment factories programme (200 GFP) was launched with the idea of opening at least one garment factory in each of the 200 Assistant Government Agent (AGA) divisions. The main incentive which encouraged the private sector to take part in this programme was quotas. For this purpose, the remote areas of the country were classified into three categories, namely non-difficult, difficult and most difficult. Quotas were allocated on the basis of the location for the industry. The more isolated and difficult the area, the higher was the quota allocated. While about 40 percent of the areas were identified as difficult, just over 40 percent fell within the most difficult category. The rest, just fewer than 20 percent, were classified as non difficult. In addition to quotas, the factories setup under the 200 GFP were also offered various other incentives such as tax holidays or lower corporate taxes, duty-free importation machinery and raw materials, loans from foreign currency banking units, etc. as the main thrust behind the 200 GFP was the high unemployment in the rural sector, each factory was intended to employ at least 500 workers. By the end of 1996, there were 154 factories in commercial operation under this programme, providing 76,821 employment opportunities.   CHAPTER FOUR THE ROLE OF TEXTILE AND CLOTHING INDUSTRY IN THE SRI LANKAN ECONOMY 1. The common features of developing countries are high rates of population growth, high rates of unemployment, low savings, insufficient capital formation, low investment, high capital output ratio, rudimentary technology and cheap skilled and unskilled labour. These countries are also mainly exporters of primary agriculture products. Further being too small to achieve economies of scale in their domestic markets, these countries have adopted export led growth policies which are designed to generate foreign exchange and expose the productive factors of the country to the stimulus of competitive influence. 2. The textile garment industry there for became the initial response of developing countries to this call for export led growth. Being a labour intensive industry requiring a small capital base. Production of textile and apparel shifted to developing countries in the 1960s. It provided employment for a large number of persons earned foreign exchange allowed for diversification of the export industry and paved the way for industrialization. Some countries attracted foreign investors by opening up free trade zones. Many critics called it textile led growth. 3. At the time Sri Lanka began to pursue liberal economic policies in 1977, the textile and clothing industry played only a minor role in the countrys economy. In the light of the broad based economic liberalisation and the benign impact of the MFA, the industry since then has recorded a remarkable growth and assumed a key role in the economy. While garments accounted for the largest share of all commodity exports (27 per cent) in 1986, it became the largest foreign exchange earner (US$ 0.4 billion) by 1992, by 1995; garments export exceeded US$ 1.5 billion, nearly half of all commodity exports. 4. Of the 21 percent contribution made by the manufacturing industries to the countrys economy in 1996, 40 per cent was from the textile and clothing sector. The growth of the garment industry was particularly rapid in 1992 and 1993 due to the attempts taken by the government under the 200 GFP decentralise the industry away from the Western Province. Although the textile and clothing sector registered a slow growth of 5.1 per cent against 14.8 per cent in 1995, it still accounted for 33.7 per cent of the growth witnessed in the private sector industrial output. (The slow growth in 1996 was primarily because of the continued power cuts due to prolong drought). According to the Ministry of industrial Development, there has been a total of 859 garment factories at the end of 2001 while the number of textile manufacturing firms stood over 140, with less than 10 companies accounting for most of the output. The largest garment factories (in terms of employment) were located within the free -trade-zones (FTZs) run by the Board of Investment of Sri Lanka (BOISL) the authority responsible for the promotion of foreign direct investment. 5. Today the textile and clothing sector has replaced the tea industry the traditional front line export industry as the leading foreign exchange earner. Specially, the growth of garment export has been highly impressive. For instance during the period 1980 to 1990 the value of apparel export increased from US $ 100 million to US $ 620 million. In terms of quantity, the exports grew from 52 million pieces to 212 million pieces during the same decade. Exports of garments, which were only 10 percent Sri Lankas total export in 1980, reached nearly half in 1993, registering in average annual increase of 30 percent. In 1996 the textile and clothing sector accounted for 46 percent of the countrys total export earning. Its share among the industrial exports reached as high as 63 percent. The highest growth, (21 percent) was in the woven fabric categories. 6. The textile and clothing sector has also been an outstanding source in generating employment opportunities. Being a highly labour intensive industry, this sector has been successful in absorbing a fairly large number of workers. By end of 2001, garment sector provided direct employment to approximately 391682 personal. The garment sector as whole represented about 14 percent of the 5.5 million of the countrys total employed work force. Approximately 40 percent of which was engaged in the textile and clothing sector. Of the total work force employed in the textile and clothing industry, more than 60 percent was with the clothing sector. CHAPTER FIVE PRESENT POSITION OF THE SRI LANKA APPAREL INDUSTRY MAJOR MARKETS OF SRI LANKA 1. Since more than 90 percent of exports from the Sri Lankas textile and clothing industries consist of ready made clothing, the focus here is on clothing. Sri Lanka currently maintains bilateral textile agreements in the context of the MFA with Canada, the EU and the USA. More than 90 percent of Sri Lankas exports of clothing are accounted by only two markets, the EU and the USA. The USA continues to account for about 60 percent of total clothing exports from Sri Lanka. About 90 percent of exports (by value) to the USA consist of quota items. The bilateral agreement between the US and Sri Lanka contains more than 30 quota categories, covering over 50 clothing items. While the quota performance against the US market is generally high, utilisation rate of certain quota categories such as knitted shirts and blouses, trousers, underwear, coveralls, and overall, terry and other pile towels etc. has reached almost 100 per cent during the recent years  [1]  . 2. The EU has been absorbing about 35 percent of Sri Lankas total exports of clothing every year. The largest buyer of Sri Lankan garments within the EU is the UK (about 45%) which is followed by Germany (about 20%), the Netherlands (about 9%), France (about 5.5%), Belgium- Luxembourg (about 5% ) and the rest Sri Lankas exports to the EU has been subject to quotas under four categories namely, trousers, blouses, shirts and jackets. The utilisation rate of quotas of the first three categories (most sensitive ones) during 1996 was 84 percent, 100 percent and 73 percent respectively, while the rate of the fourth category was nearly 30 percent. Canada continues to account for about 1.5 percent of Sri Lankas total exports of garments. While Sri Lankas bilateral textile agreement with Canada contains about 15 product categories under quotas. THE ABOLITION OF QUOTA SYSTEM 3. Sri Lankas apparel industry is now a major contributor to the countrys economy after its modest beginnings in the seventies. It represents 54% of our total exports and 71% of Sri Lankas total industrial exports. The garment exports make a direct contribution of 7% to the overall economy. The rapid growth of this industry could be attributed to the followings: a. A stable market because of the quota system. b. Low labour cost. c. Liberal economic and trade policies. d. Tax benefits and the concessions granted to the industry. 4. From its inception the quota system was a boom to Sri Lankas apparel industry. The availability of a stable market eliminated the danger of competition from established industrialists in the international field, and attracted direct foreign investment and helped Sri Lanka prosper in this industry. 5. Although the abolition of quota system in 2005 had a negative impact on the industry it also opened up an expanded free market. As such the future of the garment industry in Sri Lanka will depend on our ability to face competition. One third (1/3) of the total exports from Sri Lanka are done by 25 large scale manufacturers. These organizations are in a position to restructure and sustain themselves in a competitive market according to surveys. But the survival of the other small and medium scale industries is at stake, making the situation critical because these small and medium scale manufacturers are the biggest employers in the apparel industry  [2]  . SWOT FOR THE APPAREL INDUSTRY 8. Strengths.   The product quality level for the current market segments is considered high Reputation as a country which follows labour laws and good working conditions. The product price ranks second with large customers confirming that price quality relation of Sri Lanka is good On time delivery is the third best strength with effort towards reducing lead-times. Availability of skilled labour, educated and trainable work force and management of production capacity and ability to handle high volume orders are also considered strengths the Sri Lankan industry presently possesses. Apart from those the geographical size of the country facilitates easy movement with in the country serves a further advantage  [3]  . 9. Weaknesses. The weaknesses in the Sri Lankan industry can be listed down as follows; a. Lack of marketing skills with over dependence on buying officers, and allocation of quotas. b. Low level of marketing information, and knowledge about export marketing with hardly any marketing activities. c. Lack of fabric base and over dependence on input suppliers with long lead times d. Lack of a strong work ethic along with high absenteeism and labour turn over. e. Warm climatic condition of the country which reduces productivity f. Increasing cost of labour and availability of employment in other industries and foreign employment opportunities 10. Opportunities. To overcome the loss of orders due to the expiry of Multi Fibre Arrangement after year 2005, the position in the traditional export markets in the USA and UK by should be strengthened by establishing a strong relationship with distributors and buyers and developing an expansion strategy for the markets with good potential. Thereafter the opportunity exists to gain a higher market share by implementing an aggressive marketing strategy in the markets, where Sri Lanka has a weak positioning. Further there is a very good opportunity to capture a bigger market share in the EU: As at present Sri Lanka is not with in first 15 exporters to the EU. 11. Further opportunities exists in capturing the South Asian Market especially the High Price garments with designer wear and Intimate garments, a market where Sri Lankan Manufactures are now experts in producing and marketing. The available free trade agreements should be exploited in trade between India and Pakistan to export finished garments and to import fabric and accessories. It is also important to establish and identity for of Sri Lanka as a destination, which manufactures very high quality garments   12. Threats. The threats to the present Garment Industry are as follows; a. An intensification of the competition, especially from the sub Asian member countries, before and after the phasing out of the MFA. b. Improvement of the former socialist economies, who have a good textile industry and a large domestic Market which are highly potential and geared to meet the quality and delivery requirements especially from EU. c. The arrival of new competitors in the Asian sub continent such as Vietnam, Cambodia , Myanmar and Laos. d. Special advantages created for the USA market by the NAFTA, consolidation and other regional economic cooperation e. The increase in Sri Lankas labour costs at a faster pace than productivity f. The necessity to reduce lead time from the manufactures to the shop, and the distant suppliers inability to deliver the value added garments on time g. Successive government has not addressed the issue of low productivity, and even at this stage a government funded garment manufacturing and production management training institute has not been established and this posses a threat to the industrys future h. Geographical location of the country. Sri Lanka is located at the furthest end of the Indian Ocean, when compared with other competitive garment exporting countries, which export to the USA, EU and other wealthy nations. Almost all the countries, which are geographically located close to Sri Lanka are under developed and, low income countries struggling to survive. CHALLENGES FACED BY THE SRI LANKAN APPAREL INDUSTRY 13. In the recent past, the global garment industry has been subject to significant changes in terms of changes in consumer demands, changes in technology, and fierce competition. These changes have also filtered down to the Sri Lankan garment industry and there is now considerable pressure on the industry to each higher standard of production and service. 14. As the garment industry is a relatively low skilled and labour intensive operation, over time there has been a shifting of production from countries such as Hong Kong. South Korea and Taiwan to low wage countries such as Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. As this process of shifting (or shifting comparative advantage) has continued, Sri Lanka has gradually lost its low labour cost comparative advantage. 15. As the majority of Sri Lankan manufactures currently produce standard garments where competition is primarily based on price, Sri Lanka faces stiff competition from other developing countries of South and South East Asia where production cost is low (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam). China has also emerged as a dominant force in the global apparel industry with its massive supply capability and low costs of production. These countries have a lower ranking in terms of cost of production in comparison to Sri Lanka. Given this situation, there may be a need for Sri Lanka to move some of its exports to the top end of the market as a reputable and dependable supplier of quality apparel in Asia. In the higher value clothing segment, countries such a Malaysia, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan are serious competitors  [4]  . 16. While Sri Lanka s global market share has been recorded at 1.5 percent, more recent estimates indicate that there has been a marginal increase, and stands at 2 percent of the global garment market. During the period 1995 to 2000, Sri Lanka maintained a 19 percent export earning growth in the garment industry. If there is a lifting of the US tariff barriers for Sri Lankas apparels, then according to some commentators there would be a significant increase of exports. As mentioned earlier, although over 90 percent of Sri Lankas garment exports are destined for the USA and the EU, Sri Lanka does not rank amongst the top exporting nations to the EU. Sri Lanka ranked 20th and 16th place among suppliers of apparel products to the EU and the USA market, respectively, in 1998. The positive feature is that the Sri Lankan garment manufacturers, in general, have built up a good rapport and sound reputation the world over. It is a great advantage when compared to her competing neighbours. 17. Buyers now have a range of sources from which to choose, and countries such as Mexico (supplying to the USA) and Turkey (supplying to the EU) have the added advantages of being in close proximity to their major markets, lower transport cost and shorter turn-around times. Moreover, Mexico and free of quota restrictions access to their major markets. 18. One factor contributing to this reduced level of price competitiveness is the increasing cost of labour in Sri Lanka compared to other garment producing nations. Labour costs have been steadily increasing and currently constitute between 15-30 percent of total production costs in the average Sri Lankan garment manufacturing firm, highlighted the hourly wage rates of a number of garment manufacturing nations and indicated that Sri Lankas competitors currently have relatively lower wage cost structures. For those competitors who gave higher wage cost structures (and higher global market shares), their strengths lie particularly in their high levels of productivity. HOW SHOULD WE FACE THE COMPETITION? 18. The researcher recommends the following changes to preserve the garment industry in Sri Lanka. Developing Skills Of Labour Force The skill level on high speed machines have been found to be in sufficient. This resulted in low efficiency levels and low Needle Down Time. Which are two important performance measurements in the garment industry. Intensive training to upgrade skill level, parallel to technological advancement is important to gain a competitive advantage in the garment industry. b. Establishment of a Government Administered Garment industry related training institute. It is recommended to the government, at least at this stage to focus on this issue, and establish a dedicated training institute for all levels of employees in the apparel industry, as the future of thee industry and employment of 350000 personnel will purely depend on countries competitiveness on productivity and cost of labour. e. Increasing Needle Down Time (1) Use of Modern Machinery Needle down time could be increased through training and use of modern advanced machinery. Introduction of modern machines as under bed trimmers and computerised machines will speed up the sewing process and assist the operator to use other advanced facilities of the machines. (2) Reduction of secondary activities Needle Down Time (NDT)could be further increased by following General Sewing Data Standards, which indicates the ideal movements by machine operators to reduced idle time and speed up the sawing process. f. Backward Integration. Due to lack of modernisation and technological advancement in the textile manufacturing sector the garment industry has to depend for its requirement on imported fabric. Therefore to be competitive backward integration is necessary, but it requires high capital expenditure- is around US $ 25-30 million. In Sri Lankan terms this is a huge investment. Therefore it is prudent for Sri Lankan to concentrate from processing stage onwards and import grey fabric from abroad. Given proximity to Asian producers fabric can be soured with minimal lead time. Joint ventures, strategic alliances, etc. will be ideal if can be so arranged. g. Export Alliance. A group of small / medium sized companies with not so unique products and only limited funds available for export market development can form an export alliance. This group of entrepreneurs exporting can exploit the market much more professionally than an individual. In addition they can benefit by sharing the very heavy marketing expenses and the orders received from buyers. h. Product Quality. As the cost of fabric constitutes a major share in the unit cost of garments, a great deal of attention has to be paid for quality controls at the fabric level. An integrated approach in quality assurance in the process from fabric to garments can be a powerful tool in using quality as a differentiation strategy for competitive advantage. i. Management of Lead Time. Lead-time taken by Sri Lankan exporters around 60-120 days is a

Disadvantages of computer Essay

1. Choose a topic you can write easily. For example, writing an advantage and disadvantage essay about wearing a bike helmet, shopping the day after Thanksgiving, or renting movies http://www.ehow.com/how_2103639_write-advantages-d†¦ how to compare the advantages & disadvantages of computers? 1. Look at the processing power of the computers. This number is expressed in GHz, or gigahertz. The higher the number, the faster the processing power. Faster processors are necessary http://www.ehow.com/how_7735278_compare-advantages†¦ What are the advantages and disadvantages of a computer? Massive data storage and quick data computations. Various media (music, movies, games) It can help keep you organized. If you have Internet, then communication and social networking http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_†¦ What is the advantage and disadvantage of computer? Advantage: you could use it to simplify some tasks in your life. Disadvantage: is very addicting to use. (Some people can’t stay away from their computer for more than a day!). http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_advantage_an†¦ Similar Questions What Are the Advantages of Computers to Students? How To Write An Advantages And Disadvantages Essay? How To Compare The Advantages Disadvantages Of Computers? What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Computer? What Is The Advantage And Disadvantage Of Computer? People Also Asked What are the best sales experts writing on social selling, or sales via social media? How Much Is An Autosmart Franchise? What is the relationship between manager’s qualification and their performance on the job? What banks use experian only? Why is Work Important? How do i apply for a job at dollar general in fultondale al? What is a Financial Statements? Why do companies need employability skills? What Is a Maintenance Technician? Car Service Checklist?

The Ideal Strategy for Process Essay Samples

The Ideal Strategy for Process Essay Samples The thesis statement also serves as the guide to the remainder of the paper since it's a formulated with a debatable strategy. Writing a process essay is extremely easy, but only once you know the step-by-step approach which allows for crafting a brilliant paper. Basically, a process analysis essay is a how-to paper which should inform readers about how to do something and teach them essential things to do to reach specific targets. It refers to the type of academic writing, which contains a detailed description of the particular process in the shape of the step-by-step guide. A reader is more inclined to finish directions that they are easily able to skim through. When it has to do with writing, it's never wrong to find some help. Therefore, the audience selection is essential to writing process essay. There are some suggestions for writing a process essay that ought to be considered before you get started writing it. Therefo re, process analyses can be quite detailed and at times quite long. The secret to a fantastic process essay is making sure the different phases of the processes are transitioned in a way that does not feel superficial. Potential risks or side effects which are very likely to generate from the procedure ought to be started so the reader remains informed. To begin with, find out more about the process you're likely to be explaining. The Basics of Process Essay Samples A methodical strategy is required to compose a process essay. Preparation is the secret to success and you shouldn't rush your creativity. A completion of a single task does not absolutely have to be the close of the procedure. Picking a topic for the informative essay isn't a tough matter to do, so long as you understand what you require. It's possible to write an essay that is more detailed by picking a more specific topic, like a breakdown of the way to win your favourite video game. You need to make sure you r essay isn't only interesting to read, but it's also thorough and actually informative for your reader. Therefore, so long as you follow our tips, you will have the ability to deliver a brilliant essay. Don't neglect to keep each one of your paragraphs and sentences short and make certain that your words are a breeze to comprehend. The process essay explains stages in a sequence, which is the reason why transitional words should be used too. Don't forget, you shouldn't repeat the precise words of your thesis in your conclusion, but you need to emphasize the principal point. The last stage is the conclusion, where you should restate the outcomes of your essay. Definitions of Process Essay Samples Writing a process essay is an intriguing undertaking, as you obtain an opportunity to enter the heart of a particular issue and get a lot of helpful data in the procedure. Practice makes it possible to avoid common mistakes. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a com ing deadline. Reading about the procedure that's obviously uncomplicated and well-known to everyone isn't an interesting to do. A whole lot of the moment, it will help to break down each process into subsections. Now it doesn't need to be like that. If you would like to purchase process essay at low prices, you can buy process essays with a lucrative discount offer. Make sure that you have all of the information to hand. An easy step-by-step site setup guide is a fantastic way to talk about your wisdom and ideas with the world. In order to produce things work, you must prioritize one particular part of information over the other. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Process Essay Samples The body paragraphs in a process essay will concentrate on key steps of the total process. The objective of the essay is to explain the process itself, so you're going to break it down into various steps. There isn't much to say regarding the process essay outline because the structur e repeats the measures necessary to finish a particular procedure. The writing process is a detailed process which necessitates different phases of development to be able to construct an essay or paper. Simply give your reader a last statement on what you've been discussing so they can put off your article and be delighted with what they have read. The instructions about how to write process essays should also end up being practical for readers. Regardless of what your topic is, you wish to make certain it's engaging to the reader. The essay topics are categorized in various groups only for the ease of readers. The real key to the process essay is that the reader does not need to jump around the piece hoping to get the meaning of a specific phrase or abbreviation whilst still attempting to get to comprehend the practice. A process essay example can be an actual salvation if you're puzzled and can't compose a line. Writing is a rather solitary act that should be supplemented with social activityand I don't actually mean typing a response on a social networking platform. A Startling Fact about Process Essay Samples Uncovered If at all possible, be sure to incorporate an image of the said object you're planning to use if you want to publish the said essay online. Frequently students want to determine which topic to choose independently. Before beginning to write, don't rush and think of process essay suggestions and topics you like. At the same time that you can look all over for a great process essay topic before finding one, it's a superb concept to brainstorm if you're really stuck. How delightful it was to find an additional assistance from the person who have completed the exact same work or something of the type! If you have the liberty of selecting your process essay topic, describing something you're familiarized with makes everything much simpler. Knowing the subject perfectly may force you to use specific terminology with no second tho ughts. Put simply, it's the action of writing something out of your own perspective and reflection of the things which you are most aware of. Get the Scoop on Process Essay Samples Before You're Too Late Conclusion your conclusion should include a brief overview of the thesis and main areas of the process While writing the process essay you are able to imagine as if you're working on a manual (whatever the topic). For your body paragraphs, you just fill in the facts of the steps on your outline. The number of paragraphs varies, based on how complex the subject is. Main paragraphs of your essay should have a list of steps the reader should take to attain the end result.

100 Persuasive Speech Topics for Students

There is a small but important difference between planning a persuasive speech and writing a persuasive essay. First, if you are planning a persuasive speech, you should think about a topic that can engage your audience. For this reason, you may want to consider a few topics before settling on the one that allows you to be more descriptive and entertaining. Another important factor when picking a persuasive speech topic is to choose one that can provoke your audience. If you stir up a little emotion in your audience members, youll keep their attention. The list below is provided to help you brainstorm. Choose a topic from this list or use the list to generate an idea of your own. Studying martial arts is good for mind and health.Competitive sports can teach us about life.Reality shows are exploiting people.Community service should be required for teens.These qualities make a hero.Its important to grow things in a garden.Violent video games are dangerous.Lyrics in a song can impact our lives.Traveling and studying abroad is positive.Journal writing is therapeutic.You should spend time with grandparents.The laptop is better than the tablet.Religion and science can go hand in hand.School uniforms are good.All-girl colleges and all-boy colleges are bad.Multiple choice tests are better than essay tests.We should not spend money on space exploration.Open-book tests are as effective as closed-book tests.Security cameras keep us safer.Parents should have access to students grades.Small classes are better than big classes.You need to start saving for retirement now.Credit cards are harmful to college students.We should have a royal family.We should protect endangered animals.Texting while driving should be illegal.You can write a novel.You can go to your college of choice.State colleges are better than private colleges.Private colleges are better than state colleges.We should do away with penny coins.Fast food containers hurt the environment.Plastic straws hurt the environment.You can eat and enjoy healthy snacks.You can become a millionaire.Dogs are better pets than cats.You should own a bird.Its unethical to keep birds in cages.Liberal arts degrees prepare better workers.Hunting animals should be banned.Football is dangerous.School days should start later.Night school is better than day school.Technical training is better than a college degree.Immigration laws should be more lenient.Students should be able to pick their schools.Everyone should learn to play a musical instrument.Grass lawns should be prohibited.Sharks should be protected.We should do away with cars and go back to horse and carriage for transportation.We should use more wind pow er.We should pay more taxes.We should do away with taxes.Teachers should be tested like students.We should not interfere in the affairs of other countries.Every student should join a club.Homeschooling is better than traditional schooling.People should stay married for life.Smoking in public should be illegal.Students should live on campus.Parents should let students fail.Giving is good.Education makes us happier people.T​he  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹death penalty is good for society.Bigfoot is real.We should increase train travel to save the environment.We should read more classic books.Fame is bad for children.Athletes should stay loyal to teams.We should reform our prisons.Juvenile offenders should not go to boot camps.Abraham Lincoln was the best president.Abraham Lincoln gets too much credit.Students should be allowed to have cell phones in elementary, middle, and high school.College student-athletes should be paid for playing.Elderly citizens on fixed incomes should receive free bus r ides.Colleges and universities should be free to attend.All American citizens should complete one year of community service.Students should be required to take Spanish classes.Every student should be required to learn at least one foreign language.Marijuana should be legal for recreational use nationwide.Commercial testing of products on animals should no longer be allowed.Felons who have served their time in prison should be allowed to vote once they are free.The drinking age should be bumped up past 21.Replacing fossil fuels with cheaper alternative energy options should be mandated.Churches need to contribute their share of taxes.The Cuba embargo should be maintained by the U.S.America should replace income taxes with a nationwide flat tax.The Bowl Championship Series, also known as the BCS, should be replaced with a true college football playoff system.Doctor-assisted suicide should be legal.Spammers—people who bombard the internet with unsolicited email—should be banned from sending their junk mail.Every automobile driver should be required to take a new drivers test every three years.Electroshock treatment is not a humane form of therapy.Global warming is not real.Single-parent adoption should be encouraged and promoted.Gun companies should be held accountable for gun crimes.Human cloning is not moral.Religion does not belong in public education.Juveniles should not be tried as adults.American workers should be guaranteed a three-day weekend by law.

Strategys Against Cancer - 1523 Words

Cancer is one of the main leading causes of deaths worldwide. The reason for this is due to the poor results of the conventional chemotherapy. The primary cause of this is owing to the lack of selectivity of these drugs. Low molecular weight drugs can enter all types of cells by random diffusion, hence they not only attack tumor cells but they also attack healthy cells with the same potency resulting in severe toxicity. Hence, scientists need to develop strategies to selectively target drugs to tumor cells, to prevent the toxic side effects. One of the most effective strategies to overcome this problem is to exploit the anatomical and pathophysiological abnormalities of tumor tissues such as the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect for anticancer drug delivery. EPR effect is basically the gradual accumulation and retention of certain size molecules (such as nanoparticles, liposomes and macromolecular drugs) in tumor tissues. 2. EPR Effect When tumor cells proliferate and reach the size of 2mm3, the cells go into a state of hypoxia as the current vasculature fails to provide sufficient oxygen supply. As a result of this, cells start to die and secrete various growth factors that cause the formation of new blood vessels from the existing ones. This process is known as angiogenesis. The new blood vessels formed are irregular in shape and are defective. They have discontinuous epithelium with large fenestrations ranging from 200-2000 nm depending on the tumor typeShow MoreRelatedA Clear Flow Diagram Of The Trial1627 Words   |  7 Pageswritten material. Both groups were given the same questionnaire. There was recognition that patients’ perceptions of their own risk were influential in changing behavior (Rat et al, 2014). This study had strength in comparing new and conventional strategies rather than only a before and after comparisons, which is thought to lead to higher level of evidence (Rat, et al. 2014). Another positive study feature identified that testing was done in a primary care setting, showing that implementation is possibleRead MoreThe Business Objectives that Are Used in HP and Cancer Research1729 Words   |  7 Pagesused in HP and Cancer Research. The business objectives that are used in HP are growth objectives one of the vital objective is Profit; when I went opened the HP archive pdf file I found this objective. ‘To achieve sufficient profit to finance our company growth and to provide the resources we need to achieve our other corporate objectives’. From this objective HP most vial objective is profit as The Marketing Techniques used in HP are Growth strategies. Growth strategies are Strategy aimed at winningRead More1)With Reference To Your Own Organisation, Explai n How1720 Words   |  7 Pages1) With reference to your own organisation, explain how Porter s Five Forces theory might apply to the industry that it works within. 2) Making use of the Generic Strategies framework (Porter), describe which approach most closely aligns to you own organisation, and suggest how and why they have pursued this, with reference to examples where appropriate. Porter’s Five forces 1. Introduction: Porter’s five forces Porter describes the five forces analysis as a market analysis tool toRead MoreCase Study Of Gavi s Hpv Vaccine Support Program Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesPapillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted DNA virus that can lead to cervical cancer, is the most common cancer among women in developing regions. More than 270,000 women die per year from cervical cancer globally, and 85% of those deaths occur in developing countries. In the past, many low- and middle- income countries (LMIC) have been unable to afford the implementation of HPV vaccination programs, resulting in high cervical cancer mortality rates. Gavi, an organization created to improve worldwide accessRead MoreThe Emperor Of All Maladies Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Emperor of All Maladies (A biography of cancer), written by Siddhartha Mukherjee Introduction â€Å"The Emperor of All Maladies† captured the whole essence of cancer. This book gave a very good narrative of the historical record of cancer, the scientists and important public figures who contributed to the fight against a disease that has so much caused despair, pain, disfiguring of the body and worst of all, death. Cancer is seen as the abnormal growth of cells. A normal cell becomes cancerous whenRead MoreThe Success Of Early Invention Programs1627 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer toward the female gender within Australia today (AIHW 2016. This essay will analyse the success of early invention programs in relation to breast cancer, and will advocate strategies to help strengthen community actions and develop personal skills to improve the health outcomes for community members, especially those at greater risk. Early invention programs for breast cancer focus on Mammograms, pap tests, and clinical breast examinations, inRead MoreSynthetic Muc1 Based Anticancer Vaccines1428 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant contribution to the development of a tri-component cancer vaccine. The three component vaccines are composed of a tumor-associated carbohydrate B-cell epitope, a promiscuous peptide helper T-cell (Th) epitope and an immune modulator like a TLR ligand. This three-component vaccine strategy is advantageous over other traditional approaches as it consists of a minimum number of subunits required to elicit an immune respons e against a carbohydrate antigen and circumvents immune suppression causedRead MoreA New York Times Op Ed Article1443 Words   |  6 PagesTimes op-ed article on May 14, 2013 revealed that Angelina Jolie underwent a double mastectomy (Jolie). She did not have cancer. What would prompt a healthy individual to perform such drastic and disfiguring surgery if her life were not in danger? It turns out that she carries a breast cancer gene mutation, BRCA1, which increases the chances of developing breast and ovarian cancer. The availability of genetic testing has caused prophylactic double mastectomy rates to increase dramatically. CelebritiesRead MoreTypes Of The Immune System1445 Words   |  6 Pageshuman cancer. Despite providing variably effective treatments in many cases, they are still hindered by the risk of cancer recurrence due to acquired chemo- or radio-resistance properties of some tumor cells especially tumor initiating cells [1, 2]. Recent advances in our understanding of immune system and its role in attacking tumor cells have expedited tumor control in the battle against cancer through activating immune responses [3]. Therefore, an emerging strategy in the treatment of cancers involvesRead MoreThe Importance Of Funding For Increase For Cancer Research1596 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2017, there were an estimated 1,688,780 cancer cases diagnosed and 600,920 cancer deaths for both genders (â€Å"Cancer Facts Figures† Table 1). An increase of funding could eliminate the number of cases and deaths each year in the United States. Considering that over the years funding has decreased dramatically, any type of increase would be better than nothing. According to Frank Lalli, in the past 15 years â€Å"the National Institutes of Health budget has been cut by 15.5% after inflation. This has

Concealed Carry on College Campuses Free Essays

The debate concerning the laws of concealed carry on college campuses has been going strong since the Virginia Tech tragedy on April 16, 2007. Concealed carry should be allowed on college campuses. On one side, people oppose the right of concealed carry on campus stating reasons such as this one presented by Concealed Campus, â€Å"It’s unlikely that allowing concealed carry on college campuses could help prevent a Virginia Tech-style massacre because most college students are too young to obtain a concealed handgun license,† (Common). We will write a custom essay sample on Concealed Carry on College Campuses or any similar topic only for you Order Now That statement is incorrect and quite misleading. Nineteen of the thirty-two victims of the Virginia Tech tragedy were of or over the age of twenty-one† which is the minimum age to receive a concealed weapons permit in most states (Common). Another common argument against concealed carry on campuses is, â€Å"Life on college campuses often involves some drug use and alcohol consumption that could impair the judgment of a law-abiding gun owner,† posted by The Warrior (Umpir). However, each state that gives concealed weapons permits has laws prohibiting license holders from carrying while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Anyone who knows anything about guns would know this. Allowing concealed carry on college campuses should not only be allowed, but encouraged. Between 2001 and 2003 there were 10,472 cases of aggravated assaults on campuses across the US as presented by the U. S. Department of Education (Criminal). These large numbers could very well be prevented in the future if concealed carry is allowed on college campuses. Part of American citizens’ civil rights, as guaranteed by the US Constitution in the second amendment, is to keep and bear arms. The second amendment stating â€Å"As passed by the Congress: A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. † This has been a long standing principle and all states have laws for concealed weapons, some stricter than others, but all in some way may advocate for it. The National Conference of State Legislatures posted in August 2012, â€Å"Recent court cases have also overturned some †¦ system wide bans of concealed carry on state college and university campuses. In March 2012, the Colorado Supreme Court ruled that the University of Colorado’s policy banning guns from campus violates the state’s concealed carry law, and in 2011 the Oregon Court of Appeals overturned the Oregon University System’s ban of guns on campuses †¦ it was ruled that state law dictates only the legislature can regulate the use, sale and possession of firearms†¦,† (Guns). This supports the arguments for concealed carry on campus by showing the Supreme Court’s support for long standing laws. Concealed carry on campus would do well for the common good. In having a concealed weapon, others may become uneasy. However, if the lisecense holder is responsible and caring, they could actually make others feel at ease knowing that a responsible US citizen could protect them in an emergency. To advocate for my position, I have joined the group â€Å"Students for Concealed Carry† at www. Concealedcampus. com. The group has given me the information to write to my state elected officials to encourage concealed weapons on college campuses, which I have done. Works Cited â€Å"Common Arguments Agaisnt Campus Carry. † Concealed Campus. Students for Concealed Carry, 2011. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://concealedcampus. rg/common-arguments/. â€Å"Criminal Offensess – Aggravated Assault. † Ed. gov. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www2. ed. gov/admins/lead/safety/crime/criminaloffenses/edlite-assault. html. â€Å"Guns on Campus. † NCSL. National Conference of State Legislatures, Aug. 2012. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www. ncsl. org/issues-research/educ/guns-on-campus-o verview. aspx. Umpir, Evan. â€Å"Against Concealed Carry on Campus. † The Warrior. N. p. , 03 Nov. 2011. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www. thewarrior. org/2011/11/03/against-concealed-carry-on-campus/. How to cite Concealed Carry on College Campuses, Essay examples

Rise and Fall of Nokia

Question: Discuss about the Rise and Fall of Nokia. Answer: Introduction: In future I aim at being a highly proficient marketer. In my understanding, marketing is the buying of products in every store we visit, in this way every media message and decision got in devouring the item has been molded in view of the powers of promoting. Henceforth, promoting could be named as an administration procedure that is dependable in the recognizable proof, foresight and fulfillment of clients' prerequisites for benefits purposes. People tend to assume that marketing is all about selling and advertising, but thats not the case (Kerin, 2006). Hence, in greater context marketing is a management discipline which ensures producers of goods and services can effectively interpret the consumers desires and match, at times they may exceed them. In this case, perhaps we could critically evaluate what it means to be a professional marketer. The promoting strategy is essential to the business execution of associations, both considerable and little, since it addresses the most imperative parts of the market. It is about perception the forceful business focus and promising you can exploit key examples, accomplishing buyers with the right thing at the right esteem, place and time. Sharp elevating has provoked to various late business cases of defeating affliction - from pharmaceuticals to air ships, sports brands to sustenance and drink, business-to-business associations to nearly nothing, strength players (DePamphilis, 2015). On the other hand, history advises us that without legitimate promoting, you can't draw near to clients and fulfill their requirements and in the event that you can't, a contender most likely will. Getting close has turned out to be more vital than any other time in recent memory as computerized and portable innovation make advances into all parts of life. This upheaval has likewise given new instruments to make promoting more focused on, applicable and compelling. Today, as focused weights increment, advertising aptitudes have never been all the more profoundly esteemed. What was once observed as a departmental action is currently viewed as a bleeding edge business disposition for all workers (Steinbock, 2003). The experts who shape and execute marketing procedure contribute straightforwardly to the economy. Their aptitudes draw in and hold clients, manufacture deals and increment benefits creating riches for all. Marketing has become a trending factor such that many organizations especially small organizations are marketing without their realization. Now and again, you won't not publicize your administrations, but rather you most likely do endeavor to know your clients well. Your impulses let you know that making sense of what each client needs, and meeting those desires, will keep you in business. You realize that you have to enhance and augment existing items, and now and again grow new ones. Hence, if the definitions fit then you are known to have effectively marketed your products (Kotler, 2000). Therefore, the application of simple marketing framework in any organization tend to have a great significance, this is because of its ability to plan activities in advance, identify what works and effectively use them to boost your sales. Therefore, based on the above discussion in future as a marketer getting putting these to practice increases the proficiency in my ability as a marketer. Nokia addresses the level of social affair industry of Finland in the IT district. Two or three sorts of Nokia adaptable helped Nokia to open up the market. Back to the past circumstances, when Motorola is known as versatile hoodlum, Nokia displayed a sensible sound, keen appearance, with sweeping level of screen and exploring content menu cell phone, which had uncommon courses of action, in the interim entire world reviewed the name "NOKIA". Background and Problem definition From 1992, Nokia demonstrated their first GSM flexible 1011, till 1996 the 6110 technique out which finished persisting rich supply. By then in 19998 the world's first metal surface phone N8810 is out. The creation measure of Nokia's mobile phone had completed 1 billion, outmaneuvered Motorola, and changed into world's most basic PDA shipper. Around an equivalent time, Nokia as the essential creator to surely understood the changing case speculation with the world. This develop theory, made substitution contraptions changed into an eye-getting cleaned use thing, and this period is attested "Nokia 5100". Near to this, Nokia additionally made other world's "first", for example, displayed first PDA which contain beguilements, demonstrated first remote which reinforce WAP, in like way pushed world's first slide PDA thus on Till 2002, in the midst of this present year, Nokia released 7650, the guideline shading screen phone, the key PDA, first phone contain camera, this progress has subve rted wireless' standard imagine. In 2005, Nokia has changed the name of its period (Redhead, 2006). From the numbers to N course of action, showed N90, N91, and N70, this 3 Nokia moved cell are all around in light of Symbian S60 system, and was so conspicuous in the market. Starting 2007 after the area of iPhone, Nokia PDAs like Nokia N95 with Symbian OS beat the iPhone and had a decision 62.5% bit of the general business in Q4 of 2007 going before Microsoft's Windows versatile OS and RIM's BlackBerry. As the restriction persuaded the chance to be savage in 2008, Apple's iPhone 3G hit the market which started the climbing of the new kind of mobile phone inside the cellphone space. As Nokia felt undermined, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo CEO of Nokia, had a go at everything in his significance to handle this new hazard yet Nokia's pie was being gotten away all around requested (Rothacher, 2004). Notwithstanding, when the iPhone third Generation phones hit the market with the new refined iOS working structure it immediately replicated the bit of the general business for Apple and reduced the Nokia's yield along to others. Nokia was still the market pioneer with a 40.8% bit of the pie in Q4 2008 with its new phone like Nokia 5800 Xpress music and Nokia E71 yet was d eclining. In 2008, Nokia picked up the Symbian working structure and the following year made it open source so that more applications could be made for Symbian working system. Incidentally, this improvement couldn't turn the fortunes of Nokia as in 2009 their bit of the pie of Symbian tumbled to 46.1% in Q4 2009 from 52.4% in Q4 2008. Regardless, in 2010 everything started to go into debilitation for Nokia as Google with its Android working structure close to Apple with the iOS started to eat into Nokia's business, and the other Symbian makers including Samsung and Sony Ericsson took up Android as their new working system (Tischer, 2012). In mid-2010, Nokia was the standard OEM to make contraptions with the Symbian OS while they were thinking about to adapt to extra cutting edge Operating Systems. The statement of problem under this study is to understand the reasons and challenges that led to failure of Nokia in the international industrial market land, as well as knowing the satisfaction levels of Nokia mobiles among people. Hence, this study tries to figure out the problems and issues relation to failure and preference levels of buyers of Nokia mobiles. As a marketer my contribution to this projects will be trying to develop effective strategies that could accurately fit Nokia marketing of their products (phones and accessories). Aim and objectives Try to understand the reason behind failure of Nokia smartphones Make an evaluation of the preference levels of Nokia mobile among consumers Figure out the issues and problems relating to the failure and downfall of Nokia mobiles. Research questions What are the reasons behind the fall of Nokia phones? Might the strategies undertaken by Nokia be the reason behind their fall? Was their marketing strategy reason behind the fall of the firm? Current Research The demand for smartphones phones is differed, along these lines the economy expect a key part with respect to efficiency for the phone and versatile industry. The late money related downturn has unmistakably impacted all players in the business and a couple have been constrained to exit (Fellman, 2008). The writing audit will along these lines consider advanced cell research and state of mind research for the most part and will quickly survey explore on PDA and its disappointment on guideline to change racial dispositions before inspecting the particular writing to create mentality change with respect to race relations. Sharma (2016) perceives that In 1992 Nokia was an aggregate. It was development driven and imaginative as far as finding new development openings, yet it had no genuine concentration, a low level of RD, and no substantial wagers on new innovation, it was centered around the Nordic nations It had an extremely solid, sound building society. Nokia was likewise considered to have a profoundly entrepreneurial and inventive soul and was generally perceived for the capacity to rebuild corporate structure and center when new opportunities came (Laamanen et al, 2016). Martin et al (2013) tends to argues that gadgets alone are insufficient anymore, buyers need an entire ordeal. Meaning that Nokia should have effectively considered this in their strategic plans. Proposed data collection and analysis approaches This research will focus on secondary method of data collection. Normally, existing writing concentrates on one specific issue at the time, e.g. organizations surviving business sector interruptions, way reliance, fabricating the dynamic capacities and so on. Investigating one marvel is lacking for a legitimate hypothesis building, along these lines it is significant to bolster the contentions with a current writing (Eisenhardt, 1989). With a specific end goal to have an exhaustive investigation of the issues in question, a solitary hypothesis approach is not adequate. This study requires a breakdown of a few speculations from unmistakable fields to clarify a complex basic leadership and vital administration under unpredictable conditions. In this way, the hypothesis talked about above raises a test to locate the observational proof that bolster every one of the speculations inside a solitary case. Therefore, A multi-hypothesis approach has been picked keeping in mind the end goal to get the hypothetical gauge for this to a great degree complex case. In terms of analyzing our research, through the use of available secondary resources. We will consider the results pertained to secondary sources. Hence, after making an analysis of this it would become easier to develop an effective argument about the reasons behind the fall of Nokia, as well as providing recommendations of what steps they could have taken. Milestones and schedule (Gantts Chart) Task name Duration Nov 2016 Dec 2016 Jan 2016 Feb 2016 March 2016 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W Preparation 2 weeks Specification 2 weeks Planning 2 weeks Detail design 2 weeks Development 3 weeks Test plan 2 weeks Documentation 1 weeks Conclusion The overall aim of conducting this research is trying to understand the reasons as to why Nokia a giant mobile company fell. In this case, our focus in providing an in-depth analysis behind such events occurring. Therefore, after identifying the reasons behind the fall, we try and investigate recommendations that may suit the firms operations and become effective once again. The criteria of making decisions includes the use of marketing strategies as a method of solving the fall of Nokia. This should be regarded as the significant part of myself as a marketer through the recommendations that I will be making. References Kotler, P. (2000).Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. Kerin, R. A. (2006).Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. DePamphilis, D. M. (2015).Mergers, acquisitions, and other restructuring activities: An integrated approach to process, tools, cases, and solutions. Steinbock, D. (2003).Wireless horizon: Strategy and competition in the worldwide mobile marketplace. New York: AMACON. Fellman, S. (2008).Creating Nordic Capitalism: The business history of a competitive periphery. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Tischer, S. (2012).Measuring the impact of critical incidents on brand personality. Berlin: SFB 649, Economic Risk. Ollila, J., Saukkomaa, H., Powell, R., Ollila, J. (2016).Against all odds: Leading Nokia from near catastrophe to global success. Sharma, M. (January 01, 2016). Services of Mobile Commerce. Martin, N., Rice, J. (January 01, 2013). Spearing High Net Wealth Individuals: The Case of Online Fraud and Mature Age Internet Users.International Journal of Information Security and Privacy (ijisp),7,1, 1-15. Laamanen, T., Lamberg, J.-A., Vaara, E. (January 01, 2016). Explanations of Success and Failure in Management Learning: What Can We Learn From Nokia's Rise and Fall?.Academy of Management Learning Education,15,1, 2-25. Laamanen, T., Lamberg, J.-A., Vaara, E. (March 01, 2016). Explanations of success and failure in management learning: What Canwe learn from nokia's rise and fall?.Academy of Management Learning and Education,15,1, 2-25. Redhead, D. (2004).Electric dreams: Designing for the digital age. London: V A. Rothacher, A. (2004).Corporate cultures and global brands. Singapore: World Scientific Pub.