The Native Americans - 971 Words

When the Europeans immigrated to North America they established the Indian Bureau in the War Department due to the Indian Problem who main goal was to manage the Native Americans. Disease was a huge epidemic it caused tremendous amounts of Native people to die due to no immunity to the diseases. The federal government began the Indian Removal of the Native tribes. From that, the federal government created the boarding schools where they were enculturated by religion, language, physical features, clothing, and vocational education. The Dawes Act contributed to 90 million acres of land loss to Native tribes. The 1982 Merian Report contributed to changing the school system. The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 began with assimilating the Sioux nation into the European way of life which effected their health and overall welfare. The Europeans used the education system to assimilate them into their culture and language. Due to the assimilation it affected the Sioux people through the NCLB act. In order to decolonize our people the education system needs respect and to add our cultural side into the pedagogy. In order for Native students to be successful in school they need to acknowledge how important it is to learn our culture in schools. The U.S. Indian office supported the schools to be culturally sensitive and began educating teachers to teach in Native schools. Alaska has experienced the assimilation through boarding schools. Stephen talks about his experience as an educator andShow MoreRelatedNative American And Native Americans1137 Words   |  5 PagesNative American Displacement Long ago on the great plains, the buffalo roamed and the Native Americans lived amongst each other. They were able to move freely across the lands until the white men came and concentrated them into certain areas. Today there are more than five-hundred different tribes with different beliefs and history. Native Americans still face problems about the horrific history they went through and today s discrimination. The removal of American Indian tribes is one of theRead MoreNative American And Native Americans1221 Words   |  5 Pages1607, the Native Americans have been treated poorly by the Europeans. The settlers came and stripped the Natives of their land by wars that the Natives were not equipped to fight. Native Americans were forced to move towards the west into uncharted territory and many died on the journey. The American government later made many promises to the Native Americans that were unkept, which had a very troubling effect on their communities. The promises the Unite d States government made to the Native AmericansRead MoreNative American And Native Americans871 Words   |  4 Pages Native Americans have been forced out of their culture over time, forced into assimilation, lost their rights, and have lost their land due to policies and laws by the whites that can’t bear the Native American way of life. There used to be many Native American tribes all throughout North America, and now these tribes are spread across the country and are blended into the rest of the population. The native ways have changed drastically in the last two centuries due to relocation programs, IndianRead MoreNative American And Native Americans1292 Words   |  6 PagesStates, Native Americans are considered to be people whose pre-Columbian ancestors were indigenous to the lands within the nation s modern boundaries. These peoples were composed of numerous distinct tribes, bands, and ethnic groups, and many of these groups survive intact today as sovereign natio ns. The terms Native Americans use to refer to themselves vary regionally and generationally, with many older Native Americans self-identifying as Indians or American Indians, while younger Native AmericansRead MoreNative American And Native Americans1187 Words   |  5 Pagesmany Native American had already been there and the government were building railroads and roads. People rushed to settle in the west to mine for gold. Cities and town along with railroad and roads building at a rapid pace changed the habits of the buffalo. Buffalo were an important symbol in the Native Americans live they used buffalo as their main food source and they use the skin to make clothes and teepee covering , bones for silverware and hunting tools like arrow. The Native Americans makeRead MoreNative American And The American Of Native Americans1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe Native American population has suffered many tragedies at the hands of the United States government, from their first interacti ons through the mid-twentieth century. Government policies concerning American Indians worked in conjunction with the prejudices harbored by the majority of the white population in the United States to suppress Native American liberties and strip them of their cultural identity. These policies gave little to no regard for Native American customs, personal expression,Read MoreNative American And Native Americans950 Words   |  4 Pages countries went through imperialism, reconstruction and wars to pursuit their freedom. Native American’s embarked on new discoveries in America, which began conflicts with White Americans wanting control over what Native American had. Native Americans believed in freedom for the nation, but things began to change for them, when White American passed the Indians removal act. African American and Native American had similar experiences to pursuit their freedom. Both races were treated like they didn’tRead MoreNative American And Native Ame ricans1156 Words   |  5 Pageswith the Native Americans. The whites had different ideas that they wanted to contribute to the country, and the Native Americans wanted to stay loyal to their cultural traditions. The early people of the United States gradually gained control of the country. This lead to Native Americans being methodically pushed off their land, deceived multiply through a broken treaty, and most of all, not being completely recognized as citizens by the rest of American society. Some of these Native American groupsRead MoreNative American And Native Americans2248 Words   |  9 PagesThe Native Americans, their origin and similarities with Native Finns Native Americans, the first settlers of the Americas arrived to the continent about 15 000 years ago. Crossing a land bridge between Asia and America during the ice age. It was not just one group that spread across the continent, but small groups of migrants for a long time period. The land bridge which the migrants used to cross between the continents does not exist today, but is instead known as the Bering Strait. All of theRead MoreNative American And Native Americans1832 Words   |  8 Pagessettlements and still maintain a sense of self and native cultural identity. Many of the hardships experienced by the Native American Indians were the results of empty promises made by European settlers who used foreign laws, religion, and language barriers to oppress those Indians who were willing to conform. Later, and further into the development of the United States, foreign laws and languages were used as a premise to manipulate the Native Americans into giving up their promised lands so big businesses

Interesting Facts About the Olympics

Have you ever wondered about the origins and history of some of our proud Olympic traditions? Below youll find answers to a lot of these inquiries. The Official Olympic Flag Created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1914, the Olympic flag contains five interconnected rings on a white background. The five rings symbolize the five significant continents and are interconnected to symbolize the friendship to be gained from these international competitions. The rings, from left to right, are blue, yellow, black, green, and red. The colors were chosen because at least one of them appeared on the flag of every country in the world. The Olympic flag was first flown during the 1920 Olympic Games. The Olympic Motto In 1921, Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic Games, borrowed a Latin phrase from his friend, Father Henri Didon, for the Olympic motto: Citius, Altius, Fortius (Swifter, Higher, Stronger). The Olympic Oath Pierre de Coubertin wrote an oath for the athletes to recite at each Olympic Games. During the opening ceremonies, one athlete recites the oath on behalf of all the athletes. The Olympic oath was first taken during the 1920 Olympic Games by Belgian fencer Victor Boin. The Olympic Oath states, In the name of all competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules that govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honor of our teams. The Olympic Creed Pierre de Coubertin got the idea for this phrase from a speech given by Bishop Ethelbert Talbot at a service for Olympic champions during the 1908 Olympic Games. The Olympic Creed reads: The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well. The Olympic Flame The Olympic flame is a practice continued from the ancient Olympic Games. In Olympia (Greece), a flame was ignited by the sun and then kept burning until the closing of the Olympic Games. The flame first appeared in the modern Olympics at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam. The flame itself represents a number of things, including purity and the endeavor for perfection. In 1936, the chairman of the organizing committee for the 1936 Olympic Games, Carl Diem, suggested what is now the modern Olympic Torch Relay. The Olympic flame is lit at the ancient site of Olympia by women wearing ancient-style robes and using a curved mirror and the sun. The Olympic Torch is then passed from runner to runner from the ancient site of Olympia to the Olympic stadium in the hosting city. The flame is then kept alight until the Games have concluded. The Olympic Torch relay represents a continuation from the ancient Olympic Games to the modern Olympics. The Olympic Hymn The Olympic Hymn, played when the Olympic Flag is raised, was composed by Spyros Samaras and the words added by Kostis Palamas. The Olympic Hymn was first played at the 1896 Olympic Games in Athens but wasnt declared the official hymn by the IOC until 1957. Real Gold Medals The last Olympic gold medals that were made entirely out of gold were awarded in 1912. The Medals The Olympic medals  are designed especially for each individual Olympic Games by the host citys organizing committee. Each medal must be at least three millimeters thick and 60 millimeters in diameter. Also, the gold and silver Olympic medals must be made out of 92.5 percent silver, with the gold medal covered in six grams of gold. The First Opening Ceremonies The first opening ceremonies were held during the 1908 Olympic Games in London. Opening Ceremony Procession Order During the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games, the procession of athletes is always led by the Greek team, followed by all the other teams in alphabetical order (in the language of the hosting country), except for the last team which is always the team of the hosting country. A City, Not a Country When choosing locations for the Olympic Games, the IOC specifically gives the honor of holding the Games to a city rather than a country. IOC Diplomats In order to make the IOC an independent organization, the members of the IOC are not considered diplomats from their countries to the IOC, but rather are diplomats from the IOC to their respective countries. First Modern Champion James B. Connolly (United States), winner of the hop, step, and jump (the first final event in the 1896 Olympics), was the first Olympic champion of the modern Olympic Games. The First Marathon In 490 BCE, Pheidippides, a Greek soldier, ran from Marathon to Athens (about 25 miles) to inform the Athenians the outcome of the battle with invading Persians. The distance was filled with hills and other obstacles; thus Pheidippides arrived in Athens exhausted and with bleeding feet. After telling the townspeople of the Greeks success in the battle, Pheidippides fell to the ground dead. In 1896, at the first modern Olympic Games, held a race of approximately the same length in commemoration of Pheidippides. The Exact Length of a MarathonDuring the first several modern Olympics, the marathon was always an approximate distance. In 1908, the British royal family requested that the marathon start at the Windsor Castle so that the royal children could witness its start. The distance from the Windsor Castle to the Olympic Stadium was 42,195 meters (or 26 miles and 385 yards). In 1924, this distance became the standardized length of a marathon. WomenWomen were first allowed to participate in 1900 at the second modern Olympic Games. Winter Games BegunThe winter Olympic Games were first held in 1924, beginning a tradition of holding them a few months earlier and in a different city than the summer Olympic Games. Beginning in 1994, the winter Olympic Games were held in completely different years (two years apart) than the summer Games. Cancelled GamesBecause of World War I and World War II, there were no Olympic Games in 1916, 1940, or 1944. Tennis BannedTennis was played at the Olympics until 1924, then reinstituted in 1988. Walt DisneyIn 1960, the Winter Olympic Games were held in Squaw Valley, California (United States). In order to bedazzle and impress the spectators, Walt Disney was head of the committee that organized the opening day ceremonies. The 1960 Winter Games Opening Ceremony was filled with high school choirs and bands, releasing of thousands of balloons, fireworks, ice statues, releasing of 2,000 white doves, and national flags dropped by parachute. Russia Not PresentThough Russia had sent a few athletes to compete in the 1908 and 1912 Olympic Games, they did not compete again until the 1952 Games. Motor BoatingMotor boating was an official sport at the 1908 Olympics. Polo, an Olympic SportPolo was played at the Olympics in 1900, 1908, 1920, 1924, and 1936. GymnasiumThe word gymnasium comes from the Greek root gymnos meaning nude; the literal meaning of gymnasium is school for naked exercise. Athletes in the ancient Olympic Games would participate in the nude. StadiumThe first recorded ancient Olympic Games were held in 776 BCE with only one event - the stade. The stade was a unit of measurement (about 600 feet) that also became the name of the footrace because it was the distance run. Since the track for the stade (race) was a stade (length), the location of the race became the stadium. Counting OlympiadsAn Olympiad is a period of four successive years. The Olympic Games celebrate each Olympiad. For the modern Olympic Games, the first Olympiad celebration was in 1896. Every four years celebrates another Olympiad; thus, even the Games that were cancelled (1916, 1940, and 1944) count as Olympiads. The 2004 Olympic Games in Athens was called the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad.

Essay about Christianity and Popular Culture - 2609 Words

Christianity and Popular Culture In his classic work Christ and Culture, H. Richard Niebuhr asserts that the relationship between earnest followers of Jesus Christ and human culture has been an enduring problem.1 How should believers who are disciplining themselves for the purpose of godliness (1 Tim. 4:7) relate to a world whose culture is dominated by the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the boastful pride of life (1 John 2: 16)? Culture is Gods gift and task for human beings created in His image and likeness. At creation humanity received a cultural mandate from the sovereign Creator to have dominion over the earth and to cultivate and keep it (Gen. 1:26, 28; 2:15). But sins effects are total, and†¦show more content†¦The first group promotes Christ but tends to denigrate culture, while the second group promotes culture but tends to denigrate Christ. Both are unbalanced and are corrected by Churches of the Center that seek to do justice to both Christ and culture, though they articulate the relationship between them in different ways. Roman Catholics tend to view the gospel as the completion of culture. Despite positive contributions, human cultural enterprises always fall short of divine intentions and must be fulfilled by Gods gracious work of redemption in Christ and through the Church. Grace, according to this tradition, perfects nature. Christ is above culture and completes it. Lutherans, on the other hand, prefer to emphasize how the gospel creates remarkable tensions with culture. Christians are citizens of two kingdoms—Gods and the worlds—and faithfully fulfilling responsibilities to both realms creates enormous, if not impossible, challenges. How difficult it is to render simultaneously the things that are Caesars and the things that are Gods! Christ and culture stand in a relation of paradox. Finally, those who adhere to the Reformed tradition have enthusiastically promoted a vision of the transformation of culture. According to this viewpoint, the various cultural and social structures in this life can be renewed in Christ. No aspect of reality is alienShow MoreRelatedThe Dual Inheritance Within Christianity Of Greek And Jewish Thought1424 Words   |  6 Pages(1) Describe the dual inheritance within Christianity of Greek and Jewish thought. How were these traditions similar? How were they distinct? How did each contribute to the formation of Christian life and belief? Cite MacCulloch in your answer. Christianity has been heavily influenced by both Greek and Judaic traditions. As we said in class, â€Å"the first generations of Christians were Jews who lived in a world shaped by Greek elite culture† (Christianity The First Three Thousand Years MacCulloch 2)Read MoreA Diverse World Of Today Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pages Imagine a diverse world of today compared to the culture in Africa. The African culture has evolved in many ways due to the adapting influences from other places throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century. Culture is a noun like change or habits showing the origins behaviors, physical, social and cultural developing the human way of life. Anthropologist studied prehistoric people and their culture throughout Africa. In this area, the Anthropologists referred to the Colonial government toRead MoreThe Christian Mission Book Review1442 Words   |  6 Pagesmodernity mostly by the missionaries. Some say that Christianity has challenged or strengthen ed the local power. â€Å"Scientific racism† first came up in the 1850s Joseph-Arthur de Gobineu’s book called Essi sur l’inegalite des races humanines. He believed that the African and Asian people could be a part of the Christian religion or culture because of their race or if they are mixed. Missions in the 1800s were thought of as a chance to change people’s cultures but the defenders of missions tried to tellRead MoreTurning Men Into Fishing Is A Popular Past Time All Around The World1277 Words   |  6 PagesFishing is a popular past time all around the world. It has been around for many centuries, and has influenced and shaped many societies and cultures. One popular religion that fishing has a major impact on is Christianity. It is obvious that fishing is prominent in the Christian religion by looking at the famous Christian symbol, the Jesus fish. On many American cars one may find this very simple depiction of a fish on the back bumper. Another influence that f ishing has in Christianity is the teachingsRead MoreSaint Augustine Essays719 Words   |  3 PagesSaint Augustine Saint Augustine, b. Nov. 13, 354, d. Aug. 28, 430, was one of the foremost philosopher-theologians of early Christianity and, while serving (396-430) as bishop of Hippo Regius, the leading figure in the church of North Africa. He had a profound influence on the subsequent development of Western thought and culture and, more than any other person, shaped the themes and defined the problems that have characterized the Western tradition of Christian Theology. Among his many writingsRead MoreThe Religious Landscape of Australia1274 Words   |  5 PagesThe present religious landscape in Australia is one that has changed significantly from 1945 up until now. Christianity is still currently the most popular religious tradition in Australia, however has seen a steady decrease in numbers due peoples interests in other religions and a non religious focused society. Due to immigration Australia has seen significant increases in followers of Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. Because of A ustralia’s consumeristic society, denominational switchingRead MoreAfrican Religion and Its Influence on Christianity and Islam Essay631 Words   |  3 PagesAfrican Religion and its Influence on Christianity and Islam Traditional African religion has been the basis of spirituality for the people of Africa. â€Å"Although Christianity and Islam have added distinct elements to African religions, each has been and continued to be adapted to and shaped by Africa’s indigenous religious heritage† [Ambrose Moyo, 2007:326 â€Å"Religion in Africa† in GG. Understanding Contemporary Africa, pp.317-350]. This influence is strongly demonstrated in the films: Wonders ofRead MoreThe Edict Of Milan. Kincade Hughes1264 Words   |  6 Pagesand made a decision that would change the faith of western Religion. In Milan, a city in northern Italy, they agreed on a statement that was later published as a letter and became known as the Edict of Milan. This letter was the turning point for Christianity and a key event for its rise to becoming the leading western Religion. This essay analyzes the events that led to the Edict of Milan and the impact it had on Christians in the Roman Empire, namely t he legal, cultural, and economical effects, andRead MoreThe Clash of Secular Thought and Religion1647 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween secular thought and religion since its formation of societies in the classical age. Both have made an equal effect on the culture of each empire by influencing people to change their belief on the world. Major religions have made interactions, which affected some of their ideas for what they have become now. The major religions during the classical age are Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Daoism, and Zoroastrianism. These religions also have similarities and differencesRead MoreChristian Figures : Peter And Mary Magdalene1296 Words   |  6 Pagesthe three important Christian figures we read about in this section, Peter, Paul and Mary Magdalene each had their own ways of working towards spreading the idea and religion of Christianity, through the word of Jesus. Each are important figures in their own right and their own way t o the successful spread of Christianity. According to the book, these three figures could be seen as the key players in the foundation and establishment of the Christian church. Whilst also being three of the most important

Childhood Obesity Essay - 1717 Words

â€Å"At present approximately 9 million children over 6 years of age are considered obese† (Mahshid Dehghan). Childhood obesity continues to increase every year. Childhood obesity has a lot of causes centering on an imbalance of energy taken in and the amount of energy used. Factors of childhood obesity include children having obese parents; low energy expenditure which is a low amount of physical activity is a factor and too much television which is a cause for low physical activity time. Another factor that influences childhood obesity is heredity. Infants born to overweight mothers are found to be less active than other infants. Parents are the primary contributors of childhood obesity based on statistics, obesity risks, and government†¦show more content†¦Continued obesity after childhood will lead to many complications as an adult â€Å"Research shows that if a child is obese before the age of 8 and not treated, Adult obesity is likely to be severe.† (Bel lows and J. Roach, 2010) Children that are obese are likely to be obese as they grow up even before their thirties. â€Å"One study found that approximately 80 percent of children who were overweight at 10 to 15 years old were obese at 25.† (Bellows and Roach, 2010) This would affect the future of the United States because as time went on and eventually be completely out of control. Research today shows â€Å"As of today the United States is one of the most obese countries on the planet. 66.7% of the population in the United States is obese.† (CDC Division of Adolescent and School Health) The reason the United States is considered one of the most obese countries is due to all the fast food locations across the country. There are over 160,000 fast food restaurants across the United States that serve over 50 million Americans daily. While the food itself is unhealthy combined with lack of physical activity can lead to being overweight and eventually obesity. â€Å"Unhea lthy weight gain due to poor diet and lack of exercise is already responsible for over 300,000 deaths each year.†(New England Medical Journal. 2011) So with the rate of childhood obesity increasing, the number of deaths would increase. $100 billion dollars is the estimated cost to society forShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity : A Obesity1247 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity: A Review to Prevent the Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity in Our Community. The rates of childhood obesity Worldwide are alarmingly high! Obesity is a global nutritional concern and leads to horrible consequences on our children and becomes a worldwide pandemic. Worldwide estimates of obesity are as high as 43 million, and rates continue to increase each year. In this study, people will find healthy tips to prevent childhood overweight or obesity to help children in our communitiesRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Childhood Obesity1678 Words   |  7 PagesThe prevalence of childhood obesity has remained a serious matter in the United States over the years despite its recent decline (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Children who are obese can experience the same devastating health effects as adults who are obese – cardiovascular issues, diabetes, breathing problems, and so forth. In addition, children who are obese are more than likely to become obese as adults, therefore the development of a health fair that would highlight increasedRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Childhood Obesity Essay1953 Words   |  8 Pagesfind out what has caused or what the leading factors to obesity are. Researchers are currently still doing research to find out what causes or what may be the lead to obesity. 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Twelve men Free Essays

Try and link views and values to the themes in the text where you can! Identifying views and values 1 . Identify three core views that you believe are expressed throughout ‘Twelve Angry Men’ 2. Write three sentences about these views using the sample below as a model Egg: Rose’s play challenges the audience to examine their own prejudice, exposing the dangers of prejudging, particularly in the court room. We will write a custom essay sample on Twelve men or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3. What does Rose value / condemn? Identify three qualities/concepts/ideas that you believe Reginald Rose endorses, challenges or leaves unquestioned in ‘Twelve Angry Men’. Justify your response. 2. Setting: Rose’s play is all acted on the same set: Analyses the imagery created by the stage directions at the beginning of the play (Para) Analyses the scenes that take place in the washroom. What is the purpose of this separate section of the stage? In what way(s) does it enable Rose to develop his characters (for example, what is revealed about their motives, attitudes and values etc) as well as our perceptions and responses to them? How does Rose use the New York skyline to reflect his views on the indifference humans can have to serious situations? (p. -4) What is the effect of the way that Rose confines the action of the play to the Jury room? How does it enable Rose to develop dramatic tensions throughout the play? 3. Characters: 1 . Provide character details for each of the twelve Jurors. You can choose to present your details in a comprehensive paragraph on each character, a character map or a chart. You should include: any biographical information: experiences such as: occupation, where they live / grew up the character’s personality and role(s) in the play: how they feel about the task, their reasons for feeling the boy is guilty (or innocent); their relationships, attitudes and values 3 – 5 relevant quotations for each character 2. Create a table detailing each Juror’s views on the guilt of the defendant. Chart how / why these change over the course of the play: Juror When swayed How swayed Evidence (look at stage directions in particular) 3. Now, discuss Rose’s view of each character. Is he sympathetic or unsympathetic? Admiring or critical? Affectionate or hostile? How do you know? Explain using quotes. Characterization: Characters views and values can be revealed through: Authorial comments e. G. Hat Rose reveals in the stage directions What the character says themselves How the character speaks – think specifically about the language the character uses and the tone they use What others say or think about them What the character does How their personalities and attitudes are revealed in their relationships How the characters attitudes and beliefs are challenged by others 1 . Choose three key moments in the text where Rose’s portrayal of the character reveals something about their or his own views and values. Outline this. 2. Find 5 stage directions relating to your character and explain their relevance – choose stage erections that reveal varied aspects of the character (egg: growth over time) 3. Create a word bank for this character 4. Write a succinct paragraph on how views and values are aligned with characters in the text. Remember to begin with a clear contention, provide explanation (about how the views and values are presented) and support with evidence from the text. (see example below to help get you started) For example: Rose depicts the Juror as a forceful and extremely opinionated man within whom can be detected a streak of sadism. He is hammerless and intolerant, and indeed, his lack of compassion is strongly contrasted to the humanity ND sense of moral obligation we find in Juror . This reflects Rose’s criticism of 4. Themes Complete a 200 word analysis of each of the themes below for the text as whole. Ensure you utilizes the TEE structure in your analysis: Topic: Introduce the theme and discuss the development of it throughout the text Explain and Explore: Give one or more strong examples from the text to discuss the overall theme e. G. Key events, reflections from Rose etc Evidence: Finally, use quotes throughout your analysis to strengthen your discussion. Racial prejudice justice and the Jury rationality and subjectivity ere pressure: the power of conformity civic duty(qualities such as honor, compassion, empathy†¦ ND the flip side of this: insensitivity, ignorance †¦ ) 5. Structure and language 1. Rose said: No one anywhere ever knows what goes on inside a Jury room but the Jurors, and I thought then that a play taking place entirely within a Jury room might be an exciting and possible moving experience for an audience. Discuss in detail the choices Rose makes to engage the audience in the drama of his play; to encourage them to reflect on their own prejudices as wel l as using the court mom to present his views on the importance of integrity and active citizenship. . Plot the tensions’ of the drama. What are the turning points? Where do they occur? Why? 3. Choose 2 Jurors and study the language patterns and choices. How do they speak to others? What tone(s) do they use? Are their word choices negatively or positively contacted? How does use Rose use their language to influence our reactions to them? Use examples to support your discussions. 4. Make a list of 10 stage directions, presented in sequential order, that show what is happening in terms of the physical action of the play. Explain their significance. 5. Make a list of 10 stage directions, presented in sequential order, that show what is happening in terms of the emotional states of the characters in the play. You could choose 1 character or various characters. If you choose one character, do not choose the character that you worked on in the group task. Explain their significance. 6. One of the key skills of this outcome is the ability to analyses the ways in which textual meaning is created. This means being able to identify narrative devices used by authors and the way structural and language elements contribute to a readers understanding of the key textual concerns. Some of the devices include: Narrative viewpoint Imagery (similes, metaphors, personification etc) Symbolism / Motif Tone / Mood – consider here Rose’s use of the storm, interactions / tension between characters Setting Colloquial Language Writers use these devices to shape our perceptions of and attitudes towards characters and textual ideas / themes. Find 10 literary devices Rose utilizes throughout the text and explain their meaning. Language / Literary Device (for example, symbol, imagery – simile / metaphor, use of setting etc. Textual Example (Quote) Meaning Created (for egg, how do we perceive character, what does it add to our understanding of theme, social context etc. ) 6. Differing interpretations 1 . For each of the following statements, find examples from the text that challenge or endorse the ideas presented – discuss why you chose them â€Å"[Twelve Angry Men] points up the fact, which too many of us have not taken seriously, of what it means to serve on a Jury when a man’s life is at stake. † â€Å"Numbered but not named, [the Jurors] comprise a cross section of American society†¦ Eire value for Rose is as social representatives rather than as individuals. † â€Å"What is uplifting is that Rose’s narrative shows the ugliness of racial prejudice, and then rational men turning their backs on this ugliness. The racist views do not hold sway for long. † Using the themes in the text, develop interpretative statements about the text that link two or more o f these ideas in one sentence. For example: Throughout his play, Rose critiques the oppressive and discriminative environment of McCarthy America, exploring the way some Jurors use the power of their rationality to attempt to sway others to share their point of view. Indeed, the 8th juror is aware of the effects and dangers of peer pressure and this is illustrated through his request to have the second (and possibly the most important vote) taken as an anonymous ballot (p. 18) At various moments in the play, the 10th, 3rd and 7th jurors do try to sway the vote to ‘guilty through the use of intimidation rather than argument. What can be interpreted is another clear message conveyed by Rose through his play is that this type of intimidation will ultimately be unsuccessful. Logic and reason do win out over endemic prejudice, but what the play also illustrates is that for this to occur, there must be voices who are prepared to hold true to their convictions. This is clearly portrayed through the contrast between the â€Å"[interrupting]† and â€Å"[shouting]† of Jurors 10 and 3 and the â€Å"[calm]† and reflective â€Å"[pauses]† of Juror 8. 2. What â€Å"truths† are revealed throughout the play? 3. Identify one character in the text that you are sympathetic towards and one you are critical of. Explain your reactions using evidence from the text. How to cite Twelve men, Papers

The Birth of the Swatch free essay sample

What changes in the production and marketing of watches led to Swatch? ?Before 1950s â€Å"home-made† effect Starting from 1950s watches were considered as very precious goods that only few people could afford. The production of watches was a craft that required accurate skills and mastery of jewels making techniques. Watches were considered as a luxury good as well as a â€Å"financial investment†. People spent a lot on them, had great care of them and used to hand them down from generation to generation. In this period the watch industry was dominated by Swiss producer, watch craftsmanship was developed especially in Switzerland; the country had a great â€Å"home-made† effect on consumers: people looked at Swiss watches as the best on the market and trusted the quality and value of such products. Although after the World War II many Swiss watch firms were forced to close because of the recession, almost the 80% of the world’s total production was Swiss: Switzerland was watch’s home country. ?From 1950s to 1970s low-price and new technology After 1950s the overall industry landscape changed, after-war time companies evolved into the development of low-cost watches. Such watches still used mechanical movements but were made by metals in place of jewels, so they were less expensive but still very precise. In this period Timex was introduced; it is a U. S. company that produces simply designed watches with cheap exterior, but durable and precise. Later, other Japanese companies entered this arena, selling low-price watches with good quality and they started to compete directly with Swiss manufacturers. Swiss watch producers started to fear competition coming from low-cost producers, and they felt this competition becoming stronger when Quartz technology was introduced. This new technologies created space in the market for Japanese and Hong Kong firms; such firms provided modern, precise and multifunctional watches that appeal customers of all over the world. Switzerland begun to be uncompetitive in the market, Swiss manufacturers refused to embraced the quarts technology because they believed that their wn watches were more sophisticated, more luxurious and more valuable than the Japanese ones; they believed that customers would have perceived the more value provided by their watch and felt like they were competing in an upper segment than other producers. But this was not the story; customers liked the new watches, they did not care anymore whether the watch was Swiss or Japanese, they wanted a nice- precise watch that could be provided by other than Swiss manufacturers. The new watches could also include jewels or fake jewels and this really appeal customers. From 1970s to 1983 – the newly born Swatch Looking at this situation Swiss watch manufacturers understood that something had to be done. First of all the two biggest companies of the industry- ASUAG and SSIH- merged and fought together against this new environment. It was perceived that a change was needed, not only a change in the product but also a change in strategy, in structure and in management. The new company’s objective was to have a wide presence all over the market, not only in the upper segment. At this point Swatch was born: to be present in the low end segment the company had to provide a new product that could be produced at low cost and that embraced the quartz technology, and Swatch was the right answer to all this needs. Basically three changes were carried on through Swatch: firstly the production was vertically integrated. In order to drive production costs down, the company had to rely a little on labor force and try to make the most of things automatic. Secondly, the material used was a cheap one: plastic; thirdly this new product had to have a new image, perceived as unique by all customers. Understanding these needs, and working on such changes Swatch started its way through the success. 2. Why was the swatch so successful? The success of swatch can be summarized from three perspectives, the first one is from Marco perspective, the second one is from industry perspective and the last is from the company perspective. ?From Macro perspective: When we talk about the success of swatch, the world’s economic development and the baby boom after the World War II can not be ignored. The following charts show that from 1950s the world’s population kept going up and the world’s GDP growth rate maintained around 4% annually. With the joint effect of the big population base and the increasing of personal incomes, the consumption goods industry got big step in its development. As case mentioned, some brand like Timex, Citizen and Seiko etc. , they segmented the watch market and threw the watch which had been considered as luxury goods into normal peoples’ life. Millions of thousands people can afford cheaper watches. It is the precondition of the success of Swatch. ?From Industry Perspective Referring to the industrial environment, the technology innovation and the stronger competitors pushed forward the Swatch’s success. First is the technology innovation. The new technology made SMH to bring its production costs down to Asian levels, so it became true that low price watch can be produced in Switzerland. People look at Swiss made watch as the best on the market in the same price level and trust the quality and value of such products. Most people chose to pay 10% more comparing with other low price level brand for Swiss made watch, so the new technology in watch industry help Swatch to succeed. Meanwhile, the emergence of some strong competitors such as Timex, Citizen and Seiko etc changed the traditional watch industry. By producing low price watch, those competitors segmented the watch market and created huge demand for watch as well as contributed to the technology innovation. As a giant in watch industry, Swiss watch companies may be just waiting to see what will happen and once they found the trend or real situation, they will try their best to win. The new technology and the stronger competitors, in some extent, gave the birth to the Swatch also contributed to the success of Swatch. ?From Company Perspective: As a later comer in low price watch market, Swatch got a big success and the management level’s wisdom is the key reason for its success. Followings are several main strategies which had been adopted by Swatch management level. a. Designs and Collections: Swatch got an immediate success when it gave birth in 1983 in most of countries where it began business. Dozens and dozens of models and several different collections which had been produced every year can be chosen by customers. When people especially for those who were born after the war stepped in to later 1980s, they were the biggest potential customers, and also the designs and collections were fit to their tastes. Swatch’s management level must find such kind of trend and made a right decision in the right time and finally got a big success in low price watch market. b. Conveying Swatch messages: By advertising, promoting and also setting up distribution channels, Swatch built its brand imagine to the world which made it different from other competitors’ brand. Through this strategy, Swatch offers its own culture to its customers and boosted the customers’ loyalty. Besides, there are other smart strategies we may dig further in the following section. All these mentioned are made by the excellent managers in SMH. The management level’s wisdom is the key reason for its success. 3. In what ways was the Swatch different than any watch the industry had ever seen? And how does its marketing mix serve this new image? The image of Swatch is high quality, low cost, personal culture, provocative and joy of life. All these messages conveyed to customers are strongly supported by its marketing mix. ?Price Revolution a. How low the price is? How much is the intended customer willing to pay for Swatch? As Swatch has is own loyal and stable buying groups, one of the main reasons for the success is its low price, just $40 in USA and SFr50 in Switzerland. The low price matches the groups’ buying habit, which refers to buying the favor on impulse without any hesitate. b. How can Swatch achieve this goal? Drastically reduce a watch’s number of components, cut costs by more than 30% in the competition, launch one of the cheapest watches on the market and position it as a fashion accessory. c. No discount There are no discounts about Swatch as the price is already low enough. There was no model for cheap watches as great sellers. Perhaps someone would come along and make cheap watches which looked very similar to the expensive ones and so take over the cheap watch market. However, the compensation is accessed: some sales activities, some little gift. ?Product a. Allowance Each pattern of Swatch has very limited numbers which make sure that each person wears different Swatch. b. Quality Although it has plastic shell, the quality is good. The good examples are anti-water, anti-heat and anti pressure watches. c. Function Recently Swatch begins to expand its market to more functional areas, such as sports, accouterments. d. Appearance and design Decorated by jewelry, it is one of the reasons that it is so popular. Nicolas Hayek, founder of the current Swatch Group, was convinced that the solution lay in a double-impact response: transform the watch into a fashion accessory, in such a way that each consumer can have more than one. It was clear to Hayek that the market was prepared to change its concept of the watch and pay little for a new aesthetic. With the born of the first line of Swatch watches in 1983, there was more than one and fulfill Hayek’s visionary idea: transform the watch into a fashion accessory. . Strong brand The idea has proved to be a powerful one. There was still another value to the Swatch concept. This was part of the strong branding. If Swatches were known to have a strong design element, then this became part of the branding. Swatches were recognizable both on the wrists and in stores. Others have tried to imitate the concept, but with less success. ?Promotion a. Swiss combination Could the Swatch have success if it had not been known to be from Swiss? The answer to this question is obvious. If a Korean company had started to produce Swatch-type watches, would there have been the same success? The combination of esteemed Swiss watch man-ship and the low price was needed for success. b. Confidence-high technology used If there is confidence at the value level then the other risks are reduced. Can values, as such, be pre-tested? This is not usually easy. There can be comparisons with similar values in other fields (like cheap airline flights) but the comparison may not be valid. You may want a cheaper holiday, but not a cheaper watch. With the Swatch the key point was the quartz accuracy. Without this high-tech ingredient, the cheap concept would never have worked. c. Advertisements In order to make more people know more about Swatch and match its fashionable concept, Swatch has the local and special ads in different areas in which all hires the big stars. For example, Li Yuchun was nominated as the first celebrity in Asia in 2006. ?Place a. Mono-brand store, the design of which can catch the customers’ attention at the first sight. b. Big cities, fashionable cities. Swatch chose location deliberately where they can target more potential customers. Trough a whole combination of marketing strategies, the Swiss company rescued an entire sector from disaster and invented a new concept of the watch as a fashion accessory, using a Pricing Strategy that was a precursor to the classic â€Å"good, pretty, and cheap†. 4. ZIPPO as another example as successful as Swatch Zippo, the famous lighter brand, is just doing the same thing as Swatch. ?Zippo’s History Zippo was created in 1932 by â€Å"Mr. Zippo†, George Blaisdell in Bradford, Pennsylvania. Since 1932 Zippo has produced over 400 million windproof lighters till September 3, 2003. And now Zippo produces about 12 million lighters a year. Zippo is similar to Swatch in many aspects a. High quality In many people’s mind, Zippo is a reliable fellow forever. World War II mostly increased the popularity of Zippo. US soldiers used Zippos to heat food in a helmet, light campfires, spark fuses for explosives, hammer nails, and also as the signal to fellow soldiers with the famous Zippo click and even save a life by deflecting bullets. High quality made Zippo experience tough test and acquired very high prestige. Nowadays, with modern technology and careful monitoring, it has achieved a very low reject rate of one in 50,000. b. Low price The original price for Zippo lighter was $1. 95. Zippo is mostly made up of brass or other cheap alloys. Some high-end models are made of gold, silver, titanium, or copper. Now the mainstream products of Zippo are sold at $15 to $80 each unit. Zippo is affordable especially for young men. c. Designs Collections Just like Swatch, Zippo delivers special message and distinguishes from their competitors by its provocative design. Many of their customers are attracted by the fantasy message. Zippo is also an emotional product. Each year Zippo designers create over 100 new and different case designs. Especially geared towards collectors, these are produced for a limited time or quantity only, and are generally replaced by newer designs the next year. A new design generally sells about 20,000 units, but with so many designs available there provides room for variety. d. Promotion Distribution As a kind of young fad, Zippo always adopts similar style of promotion campaigns with Swatch. Zippo has very similar distribution channel as Swatch. It is often pushed for shop-in-shop systems or mini-boutiques that exclusively on the Zippo brand in department stores. e. Collectors’ Club In 1990, SMH created a Swatch Collectors Club for its most ardent fans. Similarly, Zippo also formed the Zippo Click Collectors Club to better service these customers. 15 Clubs for lighter collectors have been organized in Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Japan and the United States. In 2003 Zippo founded the Zippo Click Collectors Club for Zippo lighter enthusiasts worldwide. Swatch is more than a watch. Zippo is more than a lighter. The most important elements of their message are the hardest for others to copy—they are offering their personal culture. That is the most similar and shining point of the two brands.