Strategys Against Cancer - 1523 Words

Cancer is one of the main leading causes of deaths worldwide. The reason for this is due to the poor results of the conventional chemotherapy. The primary cause of this is owing to the lack of selectivity of these drugs. Low molecular weight drugs can enter all types of cells by random diffusion, hence they not only attack tumor cells but they also attack healthy cells with the same potency resulting in severe toxicity. Hence, scientists need to develop strategies to selectively target drugs to tumor cells, to prevent the toxic side effects. One of the most effective strategies to overcome this problem is to exploit the anatomical and pathophysiological abnormalities of tumor tissues such as the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect for anticancer drug delivery. EPR effect is basically the gradual accumulation and retention of certain size molecules (such as nanoparticles, liposomes and macromolecular drugs) in tumor tissues. 2. EPR Effect When tumor cells proliferate and reach the size of 2mm3, the cells go into a state of hypoxia as the current vasculature fails to provide sufficient oxygen supply. As a result of this, cells start to die and secrete various growth factors that cause the formation of new blood vessels from the existing ones. This process is known as angiogenesis. The new blood vessels formed are irregular in shape and are defective. They have discontinuous epithelium with large fenestrations ranging from 200-2000 nm depending on the tumor typeShow MoreRelatedA Clear Flow Diagram Of The Trial1627 Words   |  7 Pageswritten material. Both groups were given the same questionnaire. There was recognition that patients’ perceptions of their own risk were influential in changing behavior (Rat et al, 2014). This study had strength in comparing new and conventional strategies rather than only a before and after comparisons, which is thought to lead to higher level of evidence (Rat, et al. 2014). Another positive study feature identified that testing was done in a primary care setting, showing that implementation is possibleRead MoreThe Business Objectives that Are Used in HP and Cancer Research1729 Words   |  7 Pagesused in HP and Cancer Research. The business objectives that are used in HP are growth objectives one of the vital objective is Profit; when I went opened the HP archive pdf file I found this objective. ‘To achieve sufficient profit to finance our company growth and to provide the resources we need to achieve our other corporate objectives’. From this objective HP most vial objective is profit as The Marketing Techniques used in HP are Growth strategies. Growth strategies are Strategy aimed at winningRead More1)With Reference To Your Own Organisation, Explai n How1720 Words   |  7 Pages1) With reference to your own organisation, explain how Porter s Five Forces theory might apply to the industry that it works within. 2) Making use of the Generic Strategies framework (Porter), describe which approach most closely aligns to you own organisation, and suggest how and why they have pursued this, with reference to examples where appropriate. Porter’s Five forces 1. Introduction: Porter’s five forces Porter describes the five forces analysis as a market analysis tool toRead MoreCase Study Of Gavi s Hpv Vaccine Support Program Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesPapillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted DNA virus that can lead to cervical cancer, is the most common cancer among women in developing regions. More than 270,000 women die per year from cervical cancer globally, and 85% of those deaths occur in developing countries. In the past, many low- and middle- income countries (LMIC) have been unable to afford the implementation of HPV vaccination programs, resulting in high cervical cancer mortality rates. Gavi, an organization created to improve worldwide accessRead MoreThe Emperor Of All Maladies Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Emperor of All Maladies (A biography of cancer), written by Siddhartha Mukherjee Introduction â€Å"The Emperor of All Maladies† captured the whole essence of cancer. This book gave a very good narrative of the historical record of cancer, the scientists and important public figures who contributed to the fight against a disease that has so much caused despair, pain, disfiguring of the body and worst of all, death. Cancer is seen as the abnormal growth of cells. A normal cell becomes cancerous whenRead MoreThe Success Of Early Invention Programs1627 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer toward the female gender within Australia today (AIHW 2016. This essay will analyse the success of early invention programs in relation to breast cancer, and will advocate strategies to help strengthen community actions and develop personal skills to improve the health outcomes for community members, especially those at greater risk. Early invention programs for breast cancer focus on Mammograms, pap tests, and clinical breast examinations, inRead MoreSynthetic Muc1 Based Anticancer Vaccines1428 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant contribution to the development of a tri-component cancer vaccine. The three component vaccines are composed of a tumor-associated carbohydrate B-cell epitope, a promiscuous peptide helper T-cell (Th) epitope and an immune modulator like a TLR ligand. This three-component vaccine strategy is advantageous over other traditional approaches as it consists of a minimum number of subunits required to elicit an immune respons e against a carbohydrate antigen and circumvents immune suppression causedRead MoreA New York Times Op Ed Article1443 Words   |  6 PagesTimes op-ed article on May 14, 2013 revealed that Angelina Jolie underwent a double mastectomy (Jolie). She did not have cancer. What would prompt a healthy individual to perform such drastic and disfiguring surgery if her life were not in danger? It turns out that she carries a breast cancer gene mutation, BRCA1, which increases the chances of developing breast and ovarian cancer. The availability of genetic testing has caused prophylactic double mastectomy rates to increase dramatically. CelebritiesRead MoreTypes Of The Immune System1445 Words   |  6 Pageshuman cancer. Despite providing variably effective treatments in many cases, they are still hindered by the risk of cancer recurrence due to acquired chemo- or radio-resistance properties of some tumor cells especially tumor initiating cells [1, 2]. Recent advances in our understanding of immune system and its role in attacking tumor cells have expedited tumor control in the battle against cancer through activating immune responses [3]. Therefore, an emerging strategy in the treatment of cancers involvesRead MoreThe Importance Of Funding For Increase For Cancer Research1596 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2017, there were an estimated 1,688,780 cancer cases diagnosed and 600,920 cancer deaths for both genders (â€Å"Cancer Facts Figures† Table 1). An increase of funding could eliminate the number of cases and deaths each year in the United States. Considering that over the years funding has decreased dramatically, any type of increase would be better than nothing. According to Frank Lalli, in the past 15 years â€Å"the National Institutes of Health budget has been cut by 15.5% after inflation. This has

Concealed Carry on College Campuses Free Essays

The debate concerning the laws of concealed carry on college campuses has been going strong since the Virginia Tech tragedy on April 16, 2007. Concealed carry should be allowed on college campuses. On one side, people oppose the right of concealed carry on campus stating reasons such as this one presented by Concealed Campus, â€Å"It’s unlikely that allowing concealed carry on college campuses could help prevent a Virginia Tech-style massacre because most college students are too young to obtain a concealed handgun license,† (Common). We will write a custom essay sample on Concealed Carry on College Campuses or any similar topic only for you Order Now That statement is incorrect and quite misleading. Nineteen of the thirty-two victims of the Virginia Tech tragedy were of or over the age of twenty-one† which is the minimum age to receive a concealed weapons permit in most states (Common). Another common argument against concealed carry on campuses is, â€Å"Life on college campuses often involves some drug use and alcohol consumption that could impair the judgment of a law-abiding gun owner,† posted by The Warrior (Umpir). However, each state that gives concealed weapons permits has laws prohibiting license holders from carrying while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Anyone who knows anything about guns would know this. Allowing concealed carry on college campuses should not only be allowed, but encouraged. Between 2001 and 2003 there were 10,472 cases of aggravated assaults on campuses across the US as presented by the U. S. Department of Education (Criminal). These large numbers could very well be prevented in the future if concealed carry is allowed on college campuses. Part of American citizens’ civil rights, as guaranteed by the US Constitution in the second amendment, is to keep and bear arms. The second amendment stating â€Å"As passed by the Congress: A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. † This has been a long standing principle and all states have laws for concealed weapons, some stricter than others, but all in some way may advocate for it. The National Conference of State Legislatures posted in August 2012, â€Å"Recent court cases have also overturned some †¦ system wide bans of concealed carry on state college and university campuses. In March 2012, the Colorado Supreme Court ruled that the University of Colorado’s policy banning guns from campus violates the state’s concealed carry law, and in 2011 the Oregon Court of Appeals overturned the Oregon University System’s ban of guns on campuses †¦ it was ruled that state law dictates only the legislature can regulate the use, sale and possession of firearms†¦,† (Guns). This supports the arguments for concealed carry on campus by showing the Supreme Court’s support for long standing laws. Concealed carry on campus would do well for the common good. In having a concealed weapon, others may become uneasy. However, if the lisecense holder is responsible and caring, they could actually make others feel at ease knowing that a responsible US citizen could protect them in an emergency. To advocate for my position, I have joined the group â€Å"Students for Concealed Carry† at www. Concealedcampus. com. The group has given me the information to write to my state elected officials to encourage concealed weapons on college campuses, which I have done. Works Cited â€Å"Common Arguments Agaisnt Campus Carry. † Concealed Campus. Students for Concealed Carry, 2011. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://concealedcampus. rg/common-arguments/. â€Å"Criminal Offensess – Aggravated Assault. † Ed. gov. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www2. ed. gov/admins/lead/safety/crime/criminaloffenses/edlite-assault. html. â€Å"Guns on Campus. † NCSL. National Conference of State Legislatures, Aug. 2012. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www. ncsl. org/issues-research/educ/guns-on-campus-o verview. aspx. Umpir, Evan. â€Å"Against Concealed Carry on Campus. † The Warrior. N. p. , 03 Nov. 2011. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. http://www. thewarrior. org/2011/11/03/against-concealed-carry-on-campus/. How to cite Concealed Carry on College Campuses, Essay examples

Rise and Fall of Nokia

Question: Discuss about the Rise and Fall of Nokia. Answer: Introduction: In future I aim at being a highly proficient marketer. In my understanding, marketing is the buying of products in every store we visit, in this way every media message and decision got in devouring the item has been molded in view of the powers of promoting. Henceforth, promoting could be named as an administration procedure that is dependable in the recognizable proof, foresight and fulfillment of clients' prerequisites for benefits purposes. People tend to assume that marketing is all about selling and advertising, but thats not the case (Kerin, 2006). Hence, in greater context marketing is a management discipline which ensures producers of goods and services can effectively interpret the consumers desires and match, at times they may exceed them. In this case, perhaps we could critically evaluate what it means to be a professional marketer. The promoting strategy is essential to the business execution of associations, both considerable and little, since it addresses the most imperative parts of the market. It is about perception the forceful business focus and promising you can exploit key examples, accomplishing buyers with the right thing at the right esteem, place and time. Sharp elevating has provoked to various late business cases of defeating affliction - from pharmaceuticals to air ships, sports brands to sustenance and drink, business-to-business associations to nearly nothing, strength players (DePamphilis, 2015). On the other hand, history advises us that without legitimate promoting, you can't draw near to clients and fulfill their requirements and in the event that you can't, a contender most likely will. Getting close has turned out to be more vital than any other time in recent memory as computerized and portable innovation make advances into all parts of life. This upheaval has likewise given new instruments to make promoting more focused on, applicable and compelling. Today, as focused weights increment, advertising aptitudes have never been all the more profoundly esteemed. What was once observed as a departmental action is currently viewed as a bleeding edge business disposition for all workers (Steinbock, 2003). The experts who shape and execute marketing procedure contribute straightforwardly to the economy. Their aptitudes draw in and hold clients, manufacture deals and increment benefits creating riches for all. Marketing has become a trending factor such that many organizations especially small organizations are marketing without their realization. Now and again, you won't not publicize your administrations, but rather you most likely do endeavor to know your clients well. Your impulses let you know that making sense of what each client needs, and meeting those desires, will keep you in business. You realize that you have to enhance and augment existing items, and now and again grow new ones. Hence, if the definitions fit then you are known to have effectively marketed your products (Kotler, 2000). Therefore, the application of simple marketing framework in any organization tend to have a great significance, this is because of its ability to plan activities in advance, identify what works and effectively use them to boost your sales. Therefore, based on the above discussion in future as a marketer getting putting these to practice increases the proficiency in my ability as a marketer. Nokia addresses the level of social affair industry of Finland in the IT district. Two or three sorts of Nokia adaptable helped Nokia to open up the market. Back to the past circumstances, when Motorola is known as versatile hoodlum, Nokia displayed a sensible sound, keen appearance, with sweeping level of screen and exploring content menu cell phone, which had uncommon courses of action, in the interim entire world reviewed the name "NOKIA". Background and Problem definition From 1992, Nokia demonstrated their first GSM flexible 1011, till 1996 the 6110 technique out which finished persisting rich supply. By then in 19998 the world's first metal surface phone N8810 is out. The creation measure of Nokia's mobile phone had completed 1 billion, outmaneuvered Motorola, and changed into world's most basic PDA shipper. Around an equivalent time, Nokia as the essential creator to surely understood the changing case speculation with the world. This develop theory, made substitution contraptions changed into an eye-getting cleaned use thing, and this period is attested "Nokia 5100". Near to this, Nokia additionally made other world's "first", for example, displayed first PDA which contain beguilements, demonstrated first remote which reinforce WAP, in like way pushed world's first slide PDA thus on Till 2002, in the midst of this present year, Nokia released 7650, the guideline shading screen phone, the key PDA, first phone contain camera, this progress has subve rted wireless' standard imagine. In 2005, Nokia has changed the name of its period (Redhead, 2006). From the numbers to N course of action, showed N90, N91, and N70, this 3 Nokia moved cell are all around in light of Symbian S60 system, and was so conspicuous in the market. Starting 2007 after the area of iPhone, Nokia PDAs like Nokia N95 with Symbian OS beat the iPhone and had a decision 62.5% bit of the general business in Q4 of 2007 going before Microsoft's Windows versatile OS and RIM's BlackBerry. As the restriction persuaded the chance to be savage in 2008, Apple's iPhone 3G hit the market which started the climbing of the new kind of mobile phone inside the cellphone space. As Nokia felt undermined, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo CEO of Nokia, had a go at everything in his significance to handle this new hazard yet Nokia's pie was being gotten away all around requested (Rothacher, 2004). Notwithstanding, when the iPhone third Generation phones hit the market with the new refined iOS working structure it immediately replicated the bit of the general business for Apple and reduced the Nokia's yield along to others. Nokia was still the market pioneer with a 40.8% bit of the pie in Q4 2008 with its new phone like Nokia 5800 Xpress music and Nokia E71 yet was d eclining. In 2008, Nokia picked up the Symbian working structure and the following year made it open source so that more applications could be made for Symbian working system. Incidentally, this improvement couldn't turn the fortunes of Nokia as in 2009 their bit of the pie of Symbian tumbled to 46.1% in Q4 2009 from 52.4% in Q4 2008. Regardless, in 2010 everything started to go into debilitation for Nokia as Google with its Android working structure close to Apple with the iOS started to eat into Nokia's business, and the other Symbian makers including Samsung and Sony Ericsson took up Android as their new working system (Tischer, 2012). In mid-2010, Nokia was the standard OEM to make contraptions with the Symbian OS while they were thinking about to adapt to extra cutting edge Operating Systems. The statement of problem under this study is to understand the reasons and challenges that led to failure of Nokia in the international industrial market land, as well as knowing the satisfaction levels of Nokia mobiles among people. Hence, this study tries to figure out the problems and issues relation to failure and preference levels of buyers of Nokia mobiles. As a marketer my contribution to this projects will be trying to develop effective strategies that could accurately fit Nokia marketing of their products (phones and accessories). Aim and objectives Try to understand the reason behind failure of Nokia smartphones Make an evaluation of the preference levels of Nokia mobile among consumers Figure out the issues and problems relating to the failure and downfall of Nokia mobiles. Research questions What are the reasons behind the fall of Nokia phones? Might the strategies undertaken by Nokia be the reason behind their fall? Was their marketing strategy reason behind the fall of the firm? Current Research The demand for smartphones phones is differed, along these lines the economy expect a key part with respect to efficiency for the phone and versatile industry. The late money related downturn has unmistakably impacted all players in the business and a couple have been constrained to exit (Fellman, 2008). The writing audit will along these lines consider advanced cell research and state of mind research for the most part and will quickly survey explore on PDA and its disappointment on guideline to change racial dispositions before inspecting the particular writing to create mentality change with respect to race relations. Sharma (2016) perceives that In 1992 Nokia was an aggregate. It was development driven and imaginative as far as finding new development openings, yet it had no genuine concentration, a low level of RD, and no substantial wagers on new innovation, it was centered around the Nordic nations It had an extremely solid, sound building society. Nokia was likewise considered to have a profoundly entrepreneurial and inventive soul and was generally perceived for the capacity to rebuild corporate structure and center when new opportunities came (Laamanen et al, 2016). Martin et al (2013) tends to argues that gadgets alone are insufficient anymore, buyers need an entire ordeal. Meaning that Nokia should have effectively considered this in their strategic plans. Proposed data collection and analysis approaches This research will focus on secondary method of data collection. Normally, existing writing concentrates on one specific issue at the time, e.g. organizations surviving business sector interruptions, way reliance, fabricating the dynamic capacities and so on. Investigating one marvel is lacking for a legitimate hypothesis building, along these lines it is significant to bolster the contentions with a current writing (Eisenhardt, 1989). With a specific end goal to have an exhaustive investigation of the issues in question, a solitary hypothesis approach is not adequate. This study requires a breakdown of a few speculations from unmistakable fields to clarify a complex basic leadership and vital administration under unpredictable conditions. In this way, the hypothesis talked about above raises a test to locate the observational proof that bolster every one of the speculations inside a solitary case. Therefore, A multi-hypothesis approach has been picked keeping in mind the end goal to get the hypothetical gauge for this to a great degree complex case. In terms of analyzing our research, through the use of available secondary resources. We will consider the results pertained to secondary sources. Hence, after making an analysis of this it would become easier to develop an effective argument about the reasons behind the fall of Nokia, as well as providing recommendations of what steps they could have taken. Milestones and schedule (Gantts Chart) Task name Duration Nov 2016 Dec 2016 Jan 2016 Feb 2016 March 2016 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W Preparation 2 weeks Specification 2 weeks Planning 2 weeks Detail design 2 weeks Development 3 weeks Test plan 2 weeks Documentation 1 weeks Conclusion The overall aim of conducting this research is trying to understand the reasons as to why Nokia a giant mobile company fell. In this case, our focus in providing an in-depth analysis behind such events occurring. Therefore, after identifying the reasons behind the fall, we try and investigate recommendations that may suit the firms operations and become effective once again. The criteria of making decisions includes the use of marketing strategies as a method of solving the fall of Nokia. This should be regarded as the significant part of myself as a marketer through the recommendations that I will be making. References Kotler, P. (2000).Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. Kerin, R. A. (2006).Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. DePamphilis, D. M. (2015).Mergers, acquisitions, and other restructuring activities: An integrated approach to process, tools, cases, and solutions. Steinbock, D. (2003).Wireless horizon: Strategy and competition in the worldwide mobile marketplace. New York: AMACON. Fellman, S. (2008).Creating Nordic Capitalism: The business history of a competitive periphery. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Tischer, S. (2012).Measuring the impact of critical incidents on brand personality. Berlin: SFB 649, Economic Risk. Ollila, J., Saukkomaa, H., Powell, R., Ollila, J. (2016).Against all odds: Leading Nokia from near catastrophe to global success. Sharma, M. (January 01, 2016). Services of Mobile Commerce. Martin, N., Rice, J. (January 01, 2013). Spearing High Net Wealth Individuals: The Case of Online Fraud and Mature Age Internet Users.International Journal of Information Security and Privacy (ijisp),7,1, 1-15. Laamanen, T., Lamberg, J.-A., Vaara, E. (January 01, 2016). Explanations of Success and Failure in Management Learning: What Can We Learn From Nokia's Rise and Fall?.Academy of Management Learning Education,15,1, 2-25. Laamanen, T., Lamberg, J.-A., Vaara, E. (March 01, 2016). Explanations of success and failure in management learning: What Canwe learn from nokia's rise and fall?.Academy of Management Learning and Education,15,1, 2-25. Redhead, D. (2004).Electric dreams: Designing for the digital age. London: V A. Rothacher, A. (2004).Corporate cultures and global brands. Singapore: World Scientific Pub.

Organization and Management free essay sample

SNOP is the Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology. Published by the American College of Pathologists, it has been â€Å"useful in classifying pathological specimens† (McWay, 2008). Although SNOP was commonly used in pathology departments, it has gradually lost favor because focus was placed on standardized nomenclatures by accrediting agencies (McWay, 2008). 2. What are the four approaches taken by HIM professionals to address the complexities brought on by the introduction of PPS and DRGs? The four approaches taken by HIM professionals to address the complexities brought on by the introduction of PPS and DRGs are the use of encoders, the use of new resources in coding guidelines, the focus on ethical aspects of coding and develop a compliance program (McWay, 2008). 3. What are some differences between DRGs and MDCs? DRGs are known as Diagnosis-Related Groups and MDCs are known as Major Diagnostic Category (McWay, 2008). DRGs is a model that classifies groups of patients with medically related diagnosis, treatment, length of stay, age, and sex (McWay, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Organization and Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page DRGs â€Å"classify hospital stays in terms of what was wrong with the patient and what is done for the patient† (McWay, 2008). MRGs â€Å"cluster patients according to medical and surgical categories† (McWay, 2008). 4. Why are consequences of healthcare professionals not using common terminology, vocabularies, and classification systems? Vocabularies, classification systems, and clinical terminologies were â€Å"created to describe the medical care process in a standard manner† (McWay, 2008). Healthcare professionals need to clearly understand and apply these vocabularies, classification systems, and clinical terminologies in order to facilitate patient care as well as comply with requirements of the accrediting agencies (McWay, 2008). References McWay D C 2008 Todays Health Information Management: An Integrated ApproachMcWay, D. C. (2008). Todays Health Information Management: An Integrated Approach. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. rofessor and class, !. SNOP gradually lost favor when focus was placed by accrediting agencies of standardized nomenclatures that could cross fields of specialization. 2. The four approaches taken by HIM professionals to address the complexities brought on by the introduction of PPS and DRGs are: Encoders- software tools that incorporate the text and logic of coding systems into an automated form. Another approach is the use of new resources in the form of coding guidelines. Examples are ICD-9CM coding handbook, the coding clinic for ICM-9-CM, and the coding clinic for HCPCS. A third approach is to focus on the ethical aspect of coding., and an approach related to coding guidelines and ethics, is to develop a coding compliance program. 3.The differences between DRGs and MCDs are DRG is a classification system that groups patients who are medically related by diagnosis, treatment, and length of stay, using the International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition, clinical modificat ion codes. MDC is the first level of a decision tree to reach a diagnosis-related group, generally based on an organ or system. Todays Health Information Management An Integrated Approach, McWay, D.C., JD, RHIA. pgs. 126-33 4. The consequences of health care professionals for not using common terminology, vocabularies, and classification systems are Clinical vocabularies, terminologies or coding systems, are a structured list of terms which together with their definitions are design to describe unambiguously the care and treatment of patients. T cover diseases, diagnoses, findings, operations, treatments, drugs, administrative items, etc., and can be used to support recording and reporting a patients care at varying levels of detail, whether on paper or, increasingly, via electronic medical record (EMC). A large number of coding and classification systems have been developed for healthcare. Many standards have been proposed but widespread spread adoption has been slow. Current standards tend to compete. Many classifications overlap. Historically, vocabulary and classification systems have been designed to meet different and specific goals. Many codes have been designed mainly to support administration (e.g. billing) so have typically included only a limited number of diagnosis code for each encounter. Widely-used, but essentially administration-oriented system, such as ICD, have been mandated by government agencies and /or payor organizations but capture clinical data at an insufficient level of detail to support clinical needs that lie outside the limited range of activities they were designed to support. Coding systems can lose clinical information. It can be difficult to compare clinical coding systems. Interoperability is a significant problem. Content, structure, completeness, d etail, cross-mapping, taxonomy, definitions, clarity vary between existing vocabularies. -Why did SNOP fall out of favor with the healthcare field? SNOP, the Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology was published by the American College of Pathologists and was useful in classifying pathological specimens. SNOP lost favor with the healthcare field when focus was placed by accrediting agencies on standardized nomenclatures that could cross-fields of specialization (McWay, 2008). 2.-What are the four approaches taken by HIM professionals to address the complexities brought on by the introduction of PPS and DRGs? The four approaches are: Use of encoders, Coding guidelines, Ethical aspect of coding up coding and coding compliance program (McWay, 2008). 3.-What are some differences between DRGs and MDCs? Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) A patient classification system, defined by the federal Department of Health and Human Services. It provides a means of relating the type of patients a hospital treats to the costs incurred by the hospital. According to this classification system, patients who have similar diagnoses and undergo similar procedures are placed together in the same diagnosis-related group.. DRGs are used by the Medicare program to reimburse hospitals at fixed amounts for all similar patients, regardless of the length of stay or actual cost incurred. The DRG system is also widely used in many types of health data analysis. Major Diagnostic Category (MDC) A grouping based on the organ or system involved. The MDCs cluster patients according to medical and surgical categories, that are subdivided by principal diagnosis (McWay, 2008). 4.-Why are consequences of healthcare professionals not using common terminology, vocabularies, and classification systems? According to AHIMA, the healthcare industry is looking to IT to reduce costs, assess quality of care, and deliver services more efficiently. The core components of these IT tools are classification and terminology systems, the common medical languages used to encode clinical data such as a patient’s physical signs, symptoms, medication sensitivities, treatment plans, and diagnoses. Terminologies and classifications promise to provide the common medical language necessary for electronic health records and population health reporting, quality reporting, personal health records, safety, clinical trials, biosurveillance, and reimbursement. According to McWay (2008), vocabulary, clinical terminology, and classification systems were created to describe the medical care process in a standard manner. McWay, D. (2008). Todays health information management an integrated approach. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning

An Overview of The Treaty of Versailles

An Overview of The Treaty of Versailles Signed on June 28, 1919, as an end to the First World War, The Treaty of Versailles was supposed to ensure a lasting peace by punishing Germany and setting up a League of Nations to solve diplomatic problems. Instead, it left a legacy of political and geographical difficulties that have often been blamed, sometimes solely, for starting the Second World War. Background World War I had been fought for four years when, on November 11, 1918, Germany and the Allies signed an armistice. The Allies soon gathered to discuss the peace treaty they would sign, but Germany and Austria-Hungary werent invited; instead, they were allowed only to present a response to the treaty, a response that was largely ignored. Instead, terms were drawn up mainly by the so-called Big Three: British Prime Minister Lloyd George, French Prime Minister Frances Clemenceau, and U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. The Big Three Each government represented by the men in the the Big Three had different desires: Woodrow Wilson wanted a fair and lasting peace and had written a plan- the Fourteen Points- to achieve this. He wanted the armed forces of all nations reduced, not just the losers, and a League of Nations created to ensure peace.Frances Clemenceau wanted Germany to pay dearly for the war, including being stripped of land, industry, and its armed forces. He also wanted heavy reparations.Lloyd George was affected by public opinion in Britain, which agreed with Clemenceau, though he personally agreed with Wilson. The result was a treaty that tried to compromise, and many of the details were passed down to uncoordinated subcommittees to work out, who thought they were drafting a starting point rather than the final wording. It was an almost impossible task. They were asking for the ability to pay off loans and debts with German cash and goods but also to restore the pan-European economy. The treaty needed to state territorial demands- many of which were included in secret treaties- but also to allow self-determination and deal with growing nationalism. It also needed to remove the German threat but not humiliate the nation and breed a generation intent on revenge- all while mollifying voters.   Selected Terms of the Treaty of Versailles Here are some of the terms of the Versailles Treaty, in several main categories. Territory Alsace-Lorraine, captured by Germany in 1870 and the war aim of the attacking French forces in 1914, was returned to France.The Saar, an important German coalfield, was to be given to France for 15 years, after which a plebiscite would decide ownership.Poland became an independent country with a route to the sea, a corridor of land cutting Germany in two.Danzig, a major port in East Prussia (Germany) was to be under international rule.All German and Turkish colonies were taken away and put under Allied control.Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Czechoslovakia were made independent.Austria-Hungary was split up, and Yugoslavia was created. Arms The left bank of the Rhine was to be occupied by Allied forces and the right bank demilitarized.The German army was cut to 100,000 men.Wartime weapons were to be scrapped.The German Navy was cut to 36 ships and no submarines.Germany was banned from having an Air Force.An Anschluss (union) between Germany and Austria was banned. Reparations and Guilt In the war guilt clause, Germany has to accept total blame for the war.Germany had to pay  £6,600 million in compensation. The League of Nations A League of Nations was to be created to prevent further world conflict. Results Germany lost 13 percent of its land, 12 percent of its people, 48 percent of its iron resources, 15 percent of its agricultural production, and 10 percent of its coal. Perhaps understandably, German public opinion soon swung against this diktat (dictated peace), while the Germans who signed it were called the November Criminals. Britain and France felt the treaty was fair- they actually wanted harsher terms imposed on the Germans- but the United States refused to ratify it because it didnt want to be part of the League of Nations. Other results include: The map of Europe was redrawn with consequences which, especially in the Balkans, remain to the modern day.Numerous countries were left with large minority groups: There were three and a half million Germans in Czechoslovakia alone.The League of Nations was fatally weakened without the United States and its army to enforce decisions.Many Germans felt unfairly treated. After all, they had just signed an armistice, not a unilateral surrender, and the Allies hadnt occupied deeply into Germany. Modern Thoughts Modern historians sometimes conclude that the treaty was more lenient than might have been expected and not really unfair. They argue that, although the treaty didnt stop another war, this was more due to massive fault lines in Europe that WWI failed to solve, and they argue that the treaty would have worked had the Allied nations enforced it, instead of falling out and being played off one another. This remains a controversial view. You rarely find a modern historian agreeing that the treaty solely caused World War II, although clearly, it failed in its aim to prevent another major war. What is certain is that Adolf Hitler was able to use the treaty perfectly to rally support behind him: appealing to soldiers who felt conned and wielding the anger at the November Criminals to damn other socialists, promise to overcome Versailles, and make headway in doing so. However, supporters of Versailles like to look at the peace treaty Germany imposed on Soviet Russia, which took vast areas of land, population, and wealth, and point out that country was no less keen to grab things. Whether one wrong justifies another is, of course, down to the perspective of the reader.

Example Essay

Example Essay Example Essay Example Essay Example of essay serves several functions. First, example essay gives you idea for your own essay writing. Second, example is your guide to essay formatting. At the same time, you should not forget that example essay is also your risk because all example essays are easily accessible by any person at any time. Thus, think twice before using free example essay. If you do not want to risk, try our custom essay help . Our writers will write your essay from scratch and meet your specific academic writing requirements. We guarantee confidentiality and full adherence to requirements. Example Essay Excerpt Purifying water with any kind of fuel is not going to be inexpensive. During planning for the big Feather River Project, Californians investigated doing the job with sea-water conversion plants. The Feather River conduits will deliver 1.3 billion gallons per day to Southern California. Preliminary plans indicated that it might be possible to build giant distillation plants producing more than 100 million gallons a day the OSW's biggest to date has produced only 1.4 million gallons a day, remember. There was one big flaw in the plan, however. Each of these big installations would have required 6.5 percent of Southern California's entire natural-gas output, and it would take ten of them to do the job. Desalting sea water would require two-thirds of all the natural-gas power in the area. Understandably, work was pushed on the Feather River Project. At present our government believes it can desalinate sea water at a cost of $1.25 per 1000 gallons. For a thirsty man, this seems dirt chea p, but to that figure must be added other expenses, including costs of transporting sea water to the plant and fresh water into homes. These transportation charges are well fixed; the problem is to reduce the expense of conversion. Some authorities feel that artificially produced fresh water is so costly of fuel that it will never be widely used for agriculture, which accounts for most of the world's water consumption, or for industry. Obviously human beings won't starve before they sacrifice wealth for food, but present use of desalinated sea water for farming is limited to the island of Guernsey in the English Channel. When droughts occur, the island's tomato crop suffers, and since this is the big business on that island the farmers have installed a 600,000-gallons-per-day standby distillation plant as insurance against the times when it doesn't rain. An example of industrial sea-water use in the United States is the steam-electric power generating plant of the Southern Californi a Edison Company at Mandalay Beach, California, where a distillation plant desalts ocean water at the rate of 100,000 gallons a day for the power plant. In addition to combination electric-power-desalting plants, there is another approach that may help lower the cost of desalination. The ocean is about 3 1/2 percent mineral, and we need minerals, too. Of 77 important minerals, for example, the United States has an ample domestic supply of only 11. How about mining the sea for these needed materials? Custom Essay Writing The above example essay is good, but it is not custom written. If you want to get an essay written especially for you from scratch, try our professional essay writing services. We can handle all essay topics!

Training need analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Training need analysis - Essay Example The individual performance is then ranked against those of other employees and then linked to some form of reward. This has now been found to be ineffective and redundant primarily because the validity of such evaluation rests on the appraiser. There are various flaws in this system of determining the training needs. While it could reflect the personal bias of the appraiser, the employee too may over-emphasize where goals are known to be monitored, or de-emphasize where goals have not been set. The philosophy of the founder of Marriott was "Take care of Marriott people and they will take care of Marriott guests" (Cannon, 2002). They believe that "Hands-on managers" are absolutely vital to continuing the Marriott culture. The managers need to possess the people skills in being able to support, inspire, encourage, lead and listen to associates. Employees leave the organization or form unions when they are dissatisfied with the management. With the changed business environment, emphasis is now on soft skills like conflict resolution and stress management instead of technicalities. It is essential that managers should be well trained so that retaining employees is easier as retention is a critical issue in most organizations today. Human capital is the key to gaining competitive advantage in the ever-changing international environment. According to Das (2001) there has been a shift in the management styles and administrative practices to survive and prosper against competition. A cohesive framework is essential to maximize organizational effectiveness. Vermeulen and Crous (2000) believe that the best way to institute quality into an organization, is to train the people to do their jobs better. Training and development includes skills which are job-related and also that are not related. This helps in motivating and enhancing self-esteem as the employees feel the organization cares for them. Motivation is essential for retention and succession planning in today's scenario. Before undertaking the training of any department or a group of people, it is essential to undertake a training need analysis, which is helpful in developing the training program. Training need analysis Training need analysis at the organization, person and task level should be integrated to provide an effective strategy according to McGehee and Thayer (cited by Leat & Lovell, 1997). At the organization level the training needs should be best directed to match the organizational objectives. Organizational effectiveness would be evident from increased resourcefulness, customer satisfaction and internal process improvement. The changes required in performance standards would reveal the changes necessary in training. Therefore the need analysis has to explore the organizational climate in addition to the skill resources. At the task level need analysis is essential to assess the demands of the respective job roles and the manner in which they may be enhanced. Job specification would help identify the skills and attributes essential to accomplish these tasks. Discussions with the job holder may also reveal certain inherent difficulties which may not be readily apparent. At the person le vel, need analysis reveals how well an individual fulfills the activities comprising his or her task role and identifying training interventions essential to improve performance and enhance employee development. A definitive behaviorally anchored instrument can be

THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON LABOUR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON LABOUR - Essay Example Then it has collected some data of international trade volume and unemployment rate of a developing and a developed nation to find out whether any strong relationship does exist between the two variables. On the basis of its research, the study has come to the conclusion that trade does not significantly affect labor market in real world. Introduction: According to the Economic theory, we know that there are gains from trade. But these gains are reflected as net gains. Despite there been a secular increase in both exports and imports and has been regarded as a percentage of Gross National Product which is considered to be beneficial for the economy and also though the increased exports have generated additional employment opportunities, but still these changes have been accompanied by reduced employment opportunities and adjustment burdens for workers in import-competing industries. The workers had to adapt themselves to the new working environment of changing demand conditions in th e import competing industries which involve extended periods of job research, restraining and relocation which demands to be a bit costly venture. As per the analysis, women and the minorities, the less educated and the lower paid groups, as compared to men, had to take more burdens on themselves and they were not in a position to afford the cost even. Since the last two decades, quite a number of developing countries have undergone liberalization of their trade regimes. The proponents of such liberalization have argued that one of the chief beneficiaries of greater openness to trade is the workers in these countries. Basically, trade liberalization with abundant supply of labor has encouraged producers to reallocate output towards labor intensive goods. Hence the resulting increase in the demand for labor, given the labor market conditions, has translated into some condition of an increase in employment and wages. The logic behind this argument has been totally justified and compel ling and has been supported by the proponents of early liberalization as the Newly Industrialized Economies of East Asia like Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. According to Robbins in the year 1996, and Wood in 1997, recent episodes of trade liberalization have appeared not to have been associated with large improvements in prospects for the typical worker. The apparent divergence between the expectations of liberalization advocates and the recent evidence has been explained by various factors. For example, the liberalization in trade has lead to an inflow of new technologies from abroad. But in this case, the growing evidence suggests that the new technologies are increasingly skill biased and therefore according to the recent episodes of trade liberalization that may lead to an increased demand for workers but that will comprised of less number of workers who are highly skilled, as per Wood in 1997. ( Wood, 1997) On the other way, the available evidence may be incomplete in some important ways. As for example, it has been highly observed that the short run effects of liberalization are likely to be adverse for aggregate labor, even among the proponents of trade liberalization. It takes a lot of time for resources to get reallocated in new firms and industries and it is also possible that the available time series is not enough to capture the effects of trade fully. In a similar way, the number of countries that have been taken into observation may not be the most appropriate ones.

The People of the State of New York Essay Example for Free

The People of the State of New York Essay Nature of the Case: Appeal upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crimes of assault on a police officer and criminal use of a firearm in the 2nd degree. Concise Rule of Law:Mental Hygiene Law  § 9.41 which permits persons who appear to be mentally ill and acting in a manner that threatens safety of self or others to be taken into custody. The Penal Law  § 120.08 imposes strict liability with respect to the serious injury aspect of a crime. Facts of the Case:In August 2008, McCray alerted Sunmount Developmental Disabilities Office (SDDO) and Franklin County Emergency Services he was armed and had intended on commit suicide. McCray was eventually found in a canoe to the Raquette River by a variety of police agencies including State Troopers and officers from Department of Environmental Conservation(DEC). This resulted in a standoff for many hours during which McCray maintained aim of the loaded shotgun at himself. A trooper seized an opportunity to grab the gun, along with a DEC officer. A struggle ensued and the gun went off causing massive injuries to a Troopers hand. After being arrested, McCray was charged by indictment with assault on a police officer and criminal use of a firearm in the 2nd degree. Following a trial, McCray was convicted as charged and sentenced to 15 years in prison followed by 5 years of post-release supervision, defendant appeals. Issues of the Case: Was McCray’s mental health status such that he qualified for consideration under Mental Hygiene Law  § 9.41 or Penal Law  § 120.08 which addresses the element of the intent? Did McCray’s attorney represent him effectively? Was his punishment considered harsh or excessive? Holding of the Case: Mental Hygiene  § 9.41 does not impermissibly criminalizes defendant’s mental illness. Penal Law  § 120.08 does not negate the requirement to prove intent. McCray was not impermissibly criminalized. McCray’s attorney had represented him properly. No, it was not excessive or harsh Rationale of the Case: As it is relevant here, Mental Hygiene Law  § 9.41permits a State Trooper to â€Å"take into custody any person who appears to be mentally ill and is conducting himself or herself in a manner which is likely to result in serious harm to the person or others† to detentions made pursuant to Mental Hygiene Law  § 9.41, and Penal Law  § 120.08 does not necessarily criminalize a defendants mental illness, contrary to defendants contention. The claim of ineffective assistance of counsel should have been made as an CPL Article 440 motion to the trial court, but, â€Å"viewed in totality and as of the time of representation,† we find the â€Å"evidence† the law, and the circumstances of [this] particular case†¦the attorney provided meaningful representation.† It is possible for an individual charged with assault on a police officer to present evidence at trial that he or she was mentally ill at the time of the incident, and thus, did not possess the requisite intent to commit the crime. Considering the defendant’s history, which dates back to 1987 and includes several prior firearm-related convictions, and the circumstances of this case does not support that the County Court abused its discretion in sentencing the defendant to the maximum available sentence, nor does it establish extraordinary circumstances exist that warrant a reduction of the sentence in the justice of the interest. The law and the circumstances of this particular case have revealed that the attorney provided meaningful representation. The decision that was imposed on McCrary by the County Court was not harsh or excessive. Disposition of the Case: On June 14, 2012 the judgment was affirmed.

Sexuality Essay -- Social Issues, Sexual Abuse, Sexual Assault

Sexuality is defined in many ways, for the sake of this papers clarity sexuality will be defined as, sexual feelings and interactions that are defining features of romantic intimacy. (Fering 2009) Child sexual abuse (CSA) is defined in the International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences as "any [sexual] action that is inflicted upon or must be tolerated by a child against their own will or any [sexual] action about which the child cannot make a decision due to their physical, emotional, mental, and verbal inferiority." Statistics for the prevalence of CSA range from anywhere from 15 to 25 percent of women to 5 to 10 percent of men according to Deegener. (2002) However, these percentages are based on retrospective studies and are founded on reports from victims that disclose their abuse. The book â€Å"Stolen Tomorrows† by Steven Levenkron states, "The National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center reports that only 16 percent of adolescent and adult rapes are brought to light. The reports of childhood, toddler and even infant sexual assault are of course much lower..." the consequences that follow the victims of CSA for the rest of their lives are usually so severe that even if only five percent of the population reported abuse it would still be a relevant issue. Childhood sexual abuse affects the development of sexuality, creates problems in developing intimacy and leads to many mood and anxiety disorders that follow victims for the rest of their lives. When a child is forced or coerced into sexual relations, not only is their present, their childhood, taken from them but their future is also affected. The effects of CSA are varied and depend on the age at onset of abuse, use of physical force, level ... ...l self-esteem." (Noll 2003 pg. 138) CSA has very adverse impacts on devolving healthy intimate romantic relationships. Some victims of CSA decide to abstain from sexual activity altogether (Noll 2003) or feel a low sexual drive or feel guilt when aroused (Levenkron 2007) â€Å"CSA survivors have more difficulties in their adult relationships, reporting insecure attachment, lower levels of sexual and relationship satisfaction, and more marital dissolution. Two cases in â€Å"Stolen Tomorrows† of this are Gina and Olivia. Olivia’s marriage suffered, and ended in divorce, because of her total disinterest in sex. She had no sexual desire at all and lacked the ability to be aroused, which was a result of the sexual abuse her father had put her through. In order to cope with the abuse she developed a â€Å"mental novocain† that disconnected her from feeling anything â€Å"down there†.

3 Dose Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Health And Social Care Essay

Whooping cough whooping cough is a contagious respiratory piece of land unwellness caused by a fastidious Gram negative coccobacillus, Bordetella whooping cough, or on occasion B. parapertussis ( Edmunds et al. , 2002 ) , with sole affinity for the mucosal beds of the human respiratory piece of land. It is a vaccinum preventable disease recognized world-wide as a extremely infective disease with important associated childhood morbidity, showing clinically as pneumonia, purging, choking enchantments, ictuss, encephalopathy and decease ( Galanis et al. , 2006 ; Health Canada, 2005 ; [ 2 ] . Globally, an estimated 50 million instances of whooping cough disease and 300,000 pertussis- related deceases occur yearly, largely among babies who are excessively immature to hold completed the primary inoculation series ( Halperin, 2001 ) . In the past decennary, an addition in the incidence has been observed in many developed states combined with a displacement in the incidence towards older age groups which may be related to increased consciousness, alterations in disease susceptibleness and vaccinum features, switching demographics, and familial fluctuations [ 2 ] . Although whooping cough is more terrible in babies and immature kids, the increasing incidence in striplings and grownups is a major concern as grownups are an of import beginning of transmittal to babies, infection in grownup cause ‘s important morbidity and high costs [ 3-5 ] . Stoping immunisation with whooping cough vaccinum in Sweden in a antecedently extremely immunised population resulted in the revival of the disease ( Mortimer 1988 ) . By 1994, an estimated 71 million whooping cough instances and 626 whooping cough deceases were being prevented worldwide each twelvemonth through immunisation ( Ivanoff & A ; Robertson 1997 ) . In the absence of an immunisation programme 80 % of lasting neonates would get whooping cough in the first five old ages of life ( Fine & A ; Clarkson 1984 ) . Due to concerns about safety and efficaciousness of whole-cell whooping cough vaccinum ( Romanus et al. , 1987 ) , diphtheria-tetanus-acellular whooping cough vaccinums ( DTPa ) were included in the Swedish inoculation plan at 3, 5 and 12 months of age in January 1996. Vaccination coverage quickly reached more than 98 % and an intensified clinical certification of reported laboratory-confirmed whooping cough in preschool kids started in October 1997. There was a widespread diminution in whooping cough incidence throughout the state merely four old ages after the debut of DTPa in Sweden, the reported incidence of culture-confirmed whooping cough being 80-90 % lower than earlier DPTa debut. Sweden is a Norse state in Northern Europe, bordered by Norway on the West and Finland on the E, connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Oresund. It is the 3rd largest state in the European Union by country, holding a entire population of about 9.5 million and population denseness of 21 dwellers per square kilometre.Whooping cough Incidence in Sweden before and after debut of noncellular whooping cough vaccinumsThe incidence rates of whooping cough after the debut of noncellular whooping cough vaccinum were markedly lower compared to before debut ( See graph 1 ) . The decrease of the incidence of whooping cough was most marked in the age groups covered by the three doses of DTPa at 3, 5, and 12 months of age ( 1-2-year-old in 1998 to 1-4-year-old in 2000 ) , with highest incidence happening among babies who were unvaccinated or had received merely 1 dosage of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular whooping cough vaccinum. The incidence among unvaccinated 0-2-month-old kids was 235 p er 100,000 individual old ages compared to an mean incidence of 337 per 100,000 individual old ages in that age group during the 10-year period 1986-1995 before debut of DTPa ( RR 0.70, 95 % assurance interval ( CI ) 0.59-0.83 ) . In kids who had received merely one dosage of whooping cough vaccinum the incidence was 230 per 100,000 individual old ages and including all kids in the age group 3-4 months the incidence was 304 compared to an mean incidence of 677 per 100,000 individual old ages in that age group during 1986-1995 ( RR 0.45, 95 % CI 037-0.54 ) . A pronounced diminution of the reported incidence occurred after the 2nd and 3rd dosage of DTPa. After the 2nd dosage the incidence was 52 per 100,000 individual old ages. In to the full vaccinated kids ( three doses of DTPa ) the incidence was 11 per 100,000 individual old ages in kids below 2 old ages of age and 37 per 100,000 thereafter. Decreases were besides seen among older preschool-age kids, in the age groups 25-34 old ag es of age and in the +35 age groups, but non among kids aged 7-19 old ages. Degree centigrades: Documents and SettingsAdministratorDesktopEdinburgh hebdomad 1ASSIGNMT 2Important also1-s2.0-S0264410X02007776-gr1.gif The one-year incidence of culture-confirmed B. whooping cough was 89-150 per 100,000 before debut of noncellular whooping cough vaccinums. After a rapid bead in 1996-1997 the overall one-year incidence reached 17-26 per 100,000 individual old ages. The overall incidence of notified culture- and polymerase concatenation reaction-confirmed whooping cough dropped from 113 to 150 per 100,000 during 1992-1995 to 11 to 16 per 100,000 during 2001-2004. In countries of enhanced surveillance, the incidence of whooping cough was 31 per 100,000 person-years after 2 doses and 19 per 100,000 person-years after the 3rd dosage at 12 months of age. The age-specific incidence remained low for about 5 old ages after the 3rd dose but increased in kids aged 6 to 8 old ages, going 32 and 48 per 100,000 person-years, severally.Hospitalization due to pertussisDuring the period of 1997-2000, there were 145 hospital admittances due to culture-confirmed whooping cough among kids born 1996 or subsequently, dem oing an overall incidence of 18 hospitalizations per 100,000 individual old ages. Most of these kids were unvaccinated ( n = 116 ) , out of these, 97 including two deceases were below 3 months of age ( incidence 158 per 100,000 individual old ages below 3 months of age ) . There were 25 hospital admittances among kids with whooping cough who had received one dosage of DTPa ( incidence 61 per 100,000 ) , and four among kids above 5 months of age who had received two or more doses of DTPa ( incidence 0.6 per 100,000 ) . The continuance of infirmary stay was longer in the unvaccinated kids compared to the immunized kids: hospitalization for more than 1 hebdomad was seen in 49 % ( 57 of 116 hospital admittances ) among unvaccinated kids, compared to 24 % ( 6 of 25 ) among kids who had received one dosage of DTPa, and none among the four hospitalized kids who had received two or more doses of DTPa.Economic impact of the diseaseWhooping cough may be a drawn-out, terrible and awful disease ensuing in serious sequelae, doing a considerable hurt to both the kid and the household as a whole ( Johnston et al. 1985 ) . Due to the long- permanent class of the disease, the patients are exhausted, lose appetency and weight, and have disturbed dormant wonts. Behavioral alterations observed in whooping cough patients include crossness, anxiousness, and reverses in development ( Mark & A ; Granstrom 1992 ) . The disease hence becomes a â€Å" household matter † ( Mortimer 1990 ) because of societal and economic effects for the stricken households. Episodes of choking, apnoea or cyanosis in sick kids are straitening events for the full household. A survey reported disturbed slumber for 78 % of parents, with 53 % holding to go to to the kid 4 times or more each dark ( Mark & A ; Granstrom 1992 ) . The economic effects of the disease include disbursals for medical visits and drugs, and the demand to remain at place from work for a drawn-out period to take attention of the s ick kid. Meanwhile the cost of a non-hospitalised instance of whooping cough in Sweden is non documented, some European states has been estimated at ?22 per visit ( Netton and Dennet, 1999 ) and a 10-day class of Erythrocin at ?4.40 ( eBNF-36 ) . Hospital stay due to pertussis would be on mean 5 yearss at ?297 ( Netton and Dennet, 1999 ) per twenty-four hours plus extra follow up GP audiences, numbering ?1529 per patient, once more, approximately 12.5 % of hospitalised instances require specializer attention, sing on mean 4 yearss pediatric ITU attention for complications of whooping cough at ?1065 per twenty-four hours ( www.doh.gov.uk/nhsexec/refcosts/refcost2000.pdf ) and 12 yearss general ward stay, numbering ?7868 ( Matt et al. , 2001 ) . In the 1980s, the hospitalization rate attributable to pertussis in Sweden was 12 to 18 per cent for all ages ) and the average continuance of infirmary stay was 8 yearss for babies younger than 6 months, 6 yearss for kids 6-11 months of age, and 4 yearss for patients older than 12 months ( Romanus, Jonsell & A ; Bergquist 1987 ) .Issues coming upLong-run effectivity of this inoculation plan showed increased incidence of whooping cough among 7- to 8-year-olds ( i.e. chiefly noncellular whooping cough vaccine-vaccinated kids ) . This shows waning of vaccine-induced protection from whooping cough. There is a attendant addition in incidence among babies, most probably infected by older siblings, hence inoculation schemes need to be reinforced. Expanded inoculation should hold included adding supporter doses to bing childhood agendas ( preschool or stripling ) ( Gustafsson et al. , 2006 ) . Vaccine boosting has had marked possible benefits in several European states, Canada and USA ( aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. ) . Attempts should be directed to increase or keep coverage of babies with three doses of DPT vaccinum at 90 per cent or higher. Surveillance of whooping cough morbidity should be strengthened and, ideally, whooping cough should stay a reportable disease. Inoculation agenda should hold besides included specific grownup subgroups that have the highest hazard of conveying B. whooping cough infection to babies ( i.e. , new parents, other contacts of neonates, and wellness attention workers ) . Reported informations based on hospitalized instances may endure from disproportional representation of terrible instances in younger kids and babies. During eruptions, describing rates may increase because of temporarily enhanced consciousness of doctors, anxiousness in the community, and media attending ( Crombie 1983 ) . Merely an approximately 5 to 25 per cent of all whooping cough instances are reported in Developed states ( Jenkinson 1983, Hinman & A ; Koplan 1984, Clarkson & A ; Fine 1985, Thomas 1989 ) and is disproportionately higher for hospitalized patients with authoritative, laboratory- confirmed disease ( Centers for Disease Control 1990 ) .DecisionMeeting the GIVS ends would intend protecting kids against 14 diseases which include whooping cough among others. With 90 % of kids under-five old ages old vaccinated against whooping cough among others, by 2015 immunisation could forestall an extra two million deceases a twelvemonth in this age group, doing a major part to meeting MDG 4. While the impact on child deceases entirely would be sufficient justification for the usage of vaccinums, the decrease of long-run disablement among kids and the cost nest eggs from decrease in clinic visits and hospitalization more than warrant their usage in kids everyplace. By maintaining kids healthy, immunisation lengthens life anticipation and the clip spent on productive activity, and thereb y contributes to a decrease in poorness ( MDG 1 ) . Harmonizing to Harvard School of Public Health squad â€Å" Healthy kids execute better at school and healthy grownups are both more productive at work and better able to be given to the wellness and instruction of their kids. Healthy households are besides more likely to salvage for the hereafter ; since they tend to hold fewer kids, resources spent on them go farther, thereby bettering their life chances † ( Bloom et al. , 2005 ) .

Atticus Finch as a Role Model

Atticus Finch as a Role Model Does your role model have a negative or positive impact on your life? Major of people has a role model they look up to and make every effort to be alike. Each person has a different perspective on a leader but in the book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Atticus displays himself as a hero being able to resolve situations with fairness for everyone and prevent the town from falling apart. Atticus' actions impact his children, his peers involved with the court case and the people of Maycomb. Firstly,Atticus Finch is a single parent that treats his kids, Jem and Scout as adults and tries to enlighten them on the outside world of Maycomb. There are many events that Atticus is involved in which displays him as a good role model. For instance, when Atticus gives Jem and Scout guns he tells them, â€Å"shoot all the blueJays you want, if you can hit'em but remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird† (Lee 90). Atticus is a great role model as he teache s Jem and Scout that it is a sin to harm someone or something that is innocent.Atticus uses the example of a mockingbird because these irds only sing, therefore these birds should not be harmed. Atticus is an excellent father and a good role model to Jem and Scout as he teaches them good morals throughout the novel. Many people in Maycomb are prejudice and Atticus teaches Scout to think otherwise, as Atticus tells her miou never really understand a person until you consider things from their point of view†¦ until you climb in to their skin and walk around in it. † This shows Atticus is an open-minded gentleman that takes ones past history into consideration.These lessons develop Jem and Scout with knowledge o handle situations maturely that they encounter later in the novel. These are various explanations why Atticus is an effective role model to his children Secondly, Atticus Finch shows his protagonist values in his place of work and towards people involved within the c ase at the courthouse. No matter where Atticus is or the situation he is within, he keeps a positive attitude, while going through the trials and tribulations in the workplace.For instance when Atticus runs into Bob Ewell at the post office, the father of Mayella the victim of the case, Mr. Ewell is still suffering over the whole case, reacts by spitting in Atticus's face and threatens to kill him. Atticus responds by saying â€Å"l wish Bob Ewell didn't chew tobacco† (CH. 22). Atticus realizes that it is not worth it to fght Mr. Ewell and so he understands Mr. Ewell frustration and takes it without causing anymore anguish for Mr. Ewell. Also Atticus is a strong man, that despite losing the case in court he keeps his head high.While Atticus waits on his children after the case; Scout notices her father's demeanour and expresses to s, stating ‘Atticus was standing under the street light as though nothing happened his vest buttoned, his collar and tie were neatly in place †¦ he was his impassive self again' (CH. 22). Atticus stays strong for the town that came to support him and since he tries his best he is not ashamed; although this is unacceptable to send Tom to Jail without presenting evidence to show that Tom Robinson is guilty. It is not possible to win everything! As long as the effort put into the task was your best!Atticus Finch his role m Odel principles to the people involved xpresses in the case. Thirdly, Atticus is a perfect role model to the people of Maycomb. The Finch family is well known in the neighborhood due to Atticus' being kind and having relationships with several people in the town. For instance Atticus allows Jem and Scout to let Walter Cunningham attend dinner with his family since he comes from a poor family, and Atticus did business with Walter's dad whom still did not pay Atticus. Walter says â€Å"Atticus I don't know when I'll ever be able to pay you† (CH. ). Atticus is a reasonable an that decides Walter's dad will not pay him regardless will provide the Finch's food from the Cunningham farm. Atticus demonstrates that we do not have to be treated differently because of our race. Another reason is Atticus is willing to risk his life to help his neighbor. As Miss Maudie's house is burning and Atticus decides to go into the house to save Miss Maudie rocking chair which she loves so much (CH. 8). This kind Jester Atticus could have died from attempting to save Miss Maudie's rocking chair.Not Just anyone would go sacrifice themselves in a burning building ust to save a chair but because of this Atticus demonstrates to the townspeople he cares about them and is an excellent role model for the people of Maycomb. Is Atticus a negative or positive role model in the novel? People have to do extraordinary things to be represented as a role model but In to Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Atticus confirms that he is a successful role model by him teaching his children good moral values, working with peers involved in the court case, and impacting the lives of the townspeople.

Job Search Strategy Get 3 Offers

Job Search Strategy Get 3 Offers After doing a radio interview for WPR, I received an email from a listener containing some great job search advice. Her message reminded me of the success story I shared last week from one of my clients who was homing in on three job offers at once; this week’s story is from someone who set that as her goal. Together with the Job Search Success Survey Results from two weeks ago, they make a complete package! Here’s what Mary Beth, WPR listener, has to say (can you spot the empowering self-talk and empowering actions throughout?): Mary Beths Story One trick I used early in my career to motivate myself was to adopt the goal of getting three  attractive job offers at once.  This may sound preposterous or ludicrous, but here is why I found it worked for me and others with whom I shared the idea: The job hunt becomes a game Instead of feeling desperate like Oh man, I really need a job it was more like Can I possibly do this?   It seems challenging, but I wont know if I dont try.  Lets just see!   It is more motivating to try to get three attractive job offers than to shoot for just one. It offers a position of strength at a time when you might feel vulnerable.  Even when you are unemployed,  you will feel much less dependent upon any one job opportunity if you are trying to find three attractive opportunities.  This stretch goal encourages you to keep building momentum even when you have one or two good prospects, because you really dont know if they will pan out.  You wont allow yourself to coast with a few good leads if you are pushing for three attractive offers. It allows you to objectively know your worth. If you can bring multiple job offers to life at the same time, you are in a much better bargaining position.   Maybe one employer offers less money, but benefits you really value (flexible hours, more vacation time, an office vs. a cubicle). You can always use the terms of one offer to ask a prospective employer to enhance either the benefits package or the salary offering.  Sometimes employers dont have flexibility, but often they do. It leads to bigger salary increases. Early in my career, I was able to increase my salary $20-25,000 from one job to another using this strategy.  This was much better than 3-5% annual raises one usually receives while waiting for managers to decide to promote you. Is looking for three job offers more work than looking for a single job?  Probably.  Is it more fun?  Absolutely. To be honest, I never was able to bring three offers to life simultaneously, but frequently I was capable of bringing two to life at the same time.  Sometimes the third opportunity turned into a viable offer down the road. I learned to target my resume for the next step up and truly LOVE the job search. MORE Empowering Self-Talk Did you hear that folks? It is possible to LOVE the job search process! If you don’t, it might help to try Mary Beth’s strategy of seeking three offers instead of one. This strategy was underlying the success story last week as well. Or, engage in more of the empowering self-talk and empowering actions outlined in the Job Search Success Survey Results. There are limitless resources available to you – both your own internal resources and supportive external ones. Are you making the most of both of them? If you are, keep it up! And if not, consider that it might be time to start. Category:Job SearchBy Brenda BernsteinApril 30, 2013

The Crimes of Florida Death Row Inmate Emilia Carr

The Crimes of Florida Death Row Inmate Emilia Carr Emilia Carr, 26, was sentenced to death for her role in the murder of Heather Strong in what authorities described as a deadly love triangle. Case Summary Josh Fulgham and Heather Strong started dating when Strong was 15 years old. Their relationship was tumultuous from the beginning, but despite it they had two children together. In 2003 the family moved from Mississippi to Marion County, Florida. Their fighting continued and over the next several years the couple fought, broke up, and then reunited several times. In June 2008, during one of their separations, Strong decided she and the children would move in with the couples friend, Benjamin McCollum. The plan was that she would be the live-in nanny for McCollums two children, but after about three weeks their relationship became intimate. Fulgham did not like that Strong lived with McCollum, even though he engaged to Emilia Carr, who had three children and was pregnant with his child. Over the next six months Fulgham stalked and  harassed both Strong and McCollum repeatedly and threatened them both with a gun. According to friends, Strong seemed very happy with McCollum and with her new life. They found it surprising when she decided to leave McCollum and return to Fulgham in December 2008. Carr was also surprised by the couples reunion. A few weeks into December, she was told by Fulgham that their relationship was over and that she had to move out. She told friends that she loved Fulgham and did not know how she would live without him, especially since she was pregnant with his child. By December 26, Fulgham and Strong got married; however their honeymoon was a short one. Six days into the marriage, Strong had Fulgham arrested after he threatened her with a shotgun during a heated argument. Fulgham   was charged with assault with a deadly weapon and remained in jail for several weeks. During that time Carr visited Fulgham and they rekindled their relationship. His mother and Carr, both who were on friendly terms with Strong, tried to get her to write a letter on Fulghams behalf, but she refused. During one such attempt, witnesses said Carr became so enraged by Strongs refusal to help get Fulgham released from jail, that she pulled her hair and held a knife to her neck. She only relinquished the knife after being held in a choke-hold by a mutual friend, James Acome. Hiring a Hit Man James Acome once dated Carr and she believed he was the father of her youngest child, although he never acknowledged it. He was also friends with Strong and Fulgham. In early January, while visiting Carr who was in the advanced stage of pregnancy with Fulghams child, she asked Acome and his friend, Jason  Lotshaw, if they would kill Strong for $500. They rejected her proposal. She told another friend to help her put the word out that she would pay someone $500 to kill Strong. She said that she planned to use her income tax refund to pay for the job. No one applied for the job. Acome and Strong In mid-January, Acome and Strong began dating and moved into an apartment together on January 26, 2009.  A week later Fulgham was released from jail and he moved in with his mother. Strong Disappears On February 15, Fulgham asked his mother to help him compose a letter for Strong to sign, giving him custody of their two children. This was motivated by Carr, who informed Fulgham while he was still in jail that Strong was planning on leaving the state with the children.   On that same day Strong left work after receiving an emergency phone call about her children. Around mid-day on the same day, Fulghams mother saw her son and Strong driving away from her home. Later that evening Acome returned home from work and found that Strong and her children had moved out. He then received a call from Fulgham who told him that he and Strong were back together. Reported as Missing On February 24, 2009, Misty Strong contacted the Marion County Sheriffs office and reported that her cousin Heather Strong had disappeared. The investigation led to Carr and Fulgham who were brought in for questioning. Over the course of several days and multiple interviews, both Carr and Fulgham blamed each other for the murder of Heather Strong. The Murder According to investigators, Fulgham and Carr plotted together to kill Strong because of his earlier arrest and because she had refused Fulghams request for custody of their children and was planning to move them to another state. On February 15, Fulgham lured Strong to a mobile home that was being used for storage and that was located on the property where Carrs family lived. Fulgham told Strong that Carr had hidden money inside the storage trailer. Once the two were inside, Carr, who was seven months pregnant, entered the trailer as planned. Seeing Carr frightened Strong and she attempted to leave the trailer, but Fulgham wrestled her back inside. Fulgham then tied Strong to a chair from which she managed to escape. Then Carr used duct tape to tape her body and hands to the chair while Fulgham held her down. Strong began crying and begging to be released. Instead, Fulgham forced her to sign the custody letter that his mother had helped him prepare. Carr said Fulgham broke the flashlight that she was carrying, when he used it to hit Strong over the head. He then placed a garbage bag over her head while Carr pulled off enough duct tape to wind around Strongs neck, which tightened the bag. Carr then made two failed attempts to break Strongs neck. When that did not work, Fulgham covered Strongs nose and mouth with his hand and suffocated her to death. Two days later, Fulgham returned to the trailer and buried Strongs body in a shallow grave nearby. Fulgham ended up disclosing the location of Strongs body to the detectives while he was being interviewed about her disappearance. He also told them that Carr was responsible for his estranged wifes death. Carr was being questioned at the same time and told detectives that Fulgham was the killer, but her story changed several times. Physical and forensic evidence found at the trailer, in the shallow grave and on Strongs body gave investigators enough to arrest both Carr and Fulgham and charge them with first-degree murder and kidnapping. Take Your Pick Unknown to Carr, Fulghams sister agreed to cooperate with the police. Carr trusted her and would often cry on her shoulder, not knowing her conversations were being recorded. What she told Fulgmans sister about the murder was completely different than what she told the police. At first she said she had not seen Strong since January 2009. Next she said she had information about Fulgham who she said told her that he killed Strong. That changed to discovering Strongs body inside the trailer a day after Fulgham committed the murder. She then admitted to seeing Fulgham kill Strong, which led to her final confession that she helped Fulgham carry out the plan to murder Strong. In her final admission before her trial, she provided investigators with information that proved her involvement; including an accurate description of a blanket and suitcase that she and Fulgham used when burying Strong, as well as a description of the clothing Strong was wearing when she was murdered. She also led police to Strongs shoes that had not been found on the body or in the grave. The Trial At her arraignment in April 2009 Carr waived her right to a speedy trial. Immediately afterwards, lead prosecutor Rock Hooker filed notice of his intent to pursue the death penalty. The trial began on December 1, 2010. State Attorney Brad King, the lead prosecutor, had built the case on circumstantial evidence. There was no real physical evidence found that proved Carr had anything to do with Strongs murder. However, several witnesses lined up to give testimony that they were asked by Carr to kill, or help her find someone to kill, her boyfriends estranged wife, Heather Strong. There was also testimony given about the time Carr held a knife to Strongs throat when she refused to drop charges against Fulgham after he threatened her with a shotgun. However, the most damaging evidence the prosecution presented were videos of Carr telling the police different versions of what happened the night of the murder.   He also presented the tape recordings of Carr talking to Fulgmans sister Michele Gustafson, who was working with the police. Carr supplied a detailed account of what inside the trailer, which contradicted her previous statements to police that she never entered the trailer on the night Strong was murdered. On the tape jurors clearly heard Carr talking about her attempts to break Strongs neck and how she thought it would be quick and painless. She also admitted to Gustafson that Strong fought off Fulgham, but that she helped him restrain her and that they duct taped her to a chair. She also said that she intended to tell authorities that Jamie Acome and Jason Lotshaw were responsible for the murder; although she left out that she had already implicated Fulgham. Carr described how Fulgham hit Strong hard on her head with the flashlight each time she said something that he did not like and finally how she placed the garbage bag over Strongs head and how Fulgham suffocated her to death. The jury deliberated for two and a half hours and found Carr guilty of kidnapping and first-degree murder. Penalty Phase During the penalty phase of the trial, defense attorney Candace Hawthorne spoke about the abuse Carr experienced as a child.  Members of Carrs family testified that she was traumatized as young child after being sexually abused by her father and grandfather. It had little impact on the jury who, in a slim 7-5 vote, recommended that Carr, age 26, receive the death penalty. Having remained silent since her arrest, Carr spoke out to the press after the jury voted for death. In yet another version of what happened, she said that she had never gone into the trailer and in fact did not even know that Fulgham and Strong were there. In reference to the secret tape recording that police had of her admitting her involvement to Fulgmans sister, she said that she was trying to get details about the murder to give to the State Attorney so that she could get immunity and get her children back. She needed details, so she made up stories. She said she felt pressure to make up things after the police threatened her with her children. In February 22, 2011, Circuit Judge Willard Pope formally sentenced Carr to life imprisonment on the kidnapping charges and death for the murder charges.  On February 23, 2011, Carr was moved to death row at Lowell Correctional Institution in Marion County, Florida. Fulgham Gets Off Easy Joshua Fulgham went on trial a year later. He was also found guilty of first-degree murder and kidnapping. His defense lawyer asked the jury to consider a life sentence because he suffered from mental and sexual abuse. The jury returned an 8-4 vote for a life sentence. Circuit Judge Brian Lambert upheld the jurys decision and Fulgham was given a life sentence with the possibility of parole.

WOMANS SUFFRAGE MOVMENT Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WOMANS SUFFRAGE MOVMENT - Annotated Bibliography Example t ran a historical analysis of this occurrence and allowed for a biopic into how women’s suffrage has impacted the United States and the world since that time. Although it is clear that the United States was not the first system to allow women’s suffrage, the article argues for the fact that its global position of power and dominance helped to spread this practice and acceptance faster than it would otherwise have been spread. Similar to the 100th anniversary discussion that was engaged, the 75 anniversary piece was included due to the fact that it helps to detail the differential in understanding women’s suffrage that has taken place within the past 25 years. Through such a unit of analysis, the reader is able to appreciate the evolutionary process by which an understanding of the suffrage movement has changed and shifted within the recent past. Fraser, Steve, and Joshua B. Freeman. "IN THE REARVIEW MIRROR: The Counter-Revolution Against "Mobocracy."  New Labor Forum (Murphy Institute)  21.2 (2012): 105-108.Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. This article references the main argument that many men of the era made against allowing women the right to vote; namely the belief that allowing women to vote would result in a type of â€Å"mob rule†. Naturally, by deconstructing this argument and showing how this ultimately did not come to pass, the author is able to shed additional light on the way in which antagonism towards women voting was evidenced during the turn of the century. This particular article discusses the fact that the United States was unique in the fact that it gave certain minorities the right to vote prior to women. In discussing the topic in such a way, the reader is made aware of the obvious levels and overtones of sexism that existed within the United States and caused the women’s suffrage movement to be delayed as long as it