Strategys Against Cancer - 1523 Words

Cancer is one of the main leading causes of deaths worldwide. The reason for this is due to the poor results of the conventional chemotherapy. The primary cause of this is owing to the lack of selectivity of these drugs. Low molecular weight drugs can enter all types of cells by random diffusion, hence they not only attack tumor cells but they also attack healthy cells with the same potency resulting in severe toxicity. Hence, scientists need to develop strategies to selectively target drugs to tumor cells, to prevent the toxic side effects. One of the most effective strategies to overcome this problem is to exploit the anatomical and pathophysiological abnormalities of tumor tissues such as the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect for anticancer drug delivery. EPR effect is basically the gradual accumulation and retention of certain size molecules (such as nanoparticles, liposomes and macromolecular drugs) in tumor tissues. 2. EPR Effect When tumor cells proliferate and reach the size of 2mm3, the cells go into a state of hypoxia as the current vasculature fails to provide sufficient oxygen supply. As a result of this, cells start to die and secrete various growth factors that cause the formation of new blood vessels from the existing ones. This process is known as angiogenesis. The new blood vessels formed are irregular in shape and are defective. They have discontinuous epithelium with large fenestrations ranging from 200-2000 nm depending on the tumor typeShow MoreRelatedA Clear Flow Diagram Of The Trial1627 Words   |  7 Pageswritten material. Both groups were given the same questionnaire. There was recognition that patients’ perceptions of their own risk were influential in changing behavior (Rat et al, 2014). This study had strength in comparing new and conventional strategies rather than only a before and after comparisons, which is thought to lead to higher level of evidence (Rat, et al. 2014). Another positive study feature identified that testing was done in a primary care setting, showing that implementation is possibleRead MoreThe Business Objectives that Are Used in HP and Cancer Research1729 Words   |  7 Pagesused in HP and Cancer Research. The business objectives that are used in HP are growth objectives one of the vital objective is Profit; when I went opened the HP archive pdf file I found this objective. ‘To achieve sufficient profit to finance our company growth and to provide the resources we need to achieve our other corporate objectives’. From this objective HP most vial objective is profit as The Marketing Techniques used in HP are Growth strategies. Growth strategies are Strategy aimed at winningRead More1)With Reference To Your Own Organisation, Explai n How1720 Words   |  7 Pages1) With reference to your own organisation, explain how Porter s Five Forces theory might apply to the industry that it works within. 2) Making use of the Generic Strategies framework (Porter), describe which approach most closely aligns to you own organisation, and suggest how and why they have pursued this, with reference to examples where appropriate. Porter’s Five forces 1. Introduction: Porter’s five forces Porter describes the five forces analysis as a market analysis tool toRead MoreCase Study Of Gavi s Hpv Vaccine Support Program Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesPapillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted DNA virus that can lead to cervical cancer, is the most common cancer among women in developing regions. More than 270,000 women die per year from cervical cancer globally, and 85% of those deaths occur in developing countries. In the past, many low- and middle- income countries (LMIC) have been unable to afford the implementation of HPV vaccination programs, resulting in high cervical cancer mortality rates. Gavi, an organization created to improve worldwide accessRead MoreThe Emperor Of All Maladies Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Emperor of All Maladies (A biography of cancer), written by Siddhartha Mukherjee Introduction â€Å"The Emperor of All Maladies† captured the whole essence of cancer. This book gave a very good narrative of the historical record of cancer, the scientists and important public figures who contributed to the fight against a disease that has so much caused despair, pain, disfiguring of the body and worst of all, death. Cancer is seen as the abnormal growth of cells. A normal cell becomes cancerous whenRead MoreThe Success Of Early Invention Programs1627 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer toward the female gender within Australia today (AIHW 2016. This essay will analyse the success of early invention programs in relation to breast cancer, and will advocate strategies to help strengthen community actions and develop personal skills to improve the health outcomes for community members, especially those at greater risk. Early invention programs for breast cancer focus on Mammograms, pap tests, and clinical breast examinations, inRead MoreSynthetic Muc1 Based Anticancer Vaccines1428 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant contribution to the development of a tri-component cancer vaccine. The three component vaccines are composed of a tumor-associated carbohydrate B-cell epitope, a promiscuous peptide helper T-cell (Th) epitope and an immune modulator like a TLR ligand. This three-component vaccine strategy is advantageous over other traditional approaches as it consists of a minimum number of subunits required to elicit an immune respons e against a carbohydrate antigen and circumvents immune suppression causedRead MoreA New York Times Op Ed Article1443 Words   |  6 PagesTimes op-ed article on May 14, 2013 revealed that Angelina Jolie underwent a double mastectomy (Jolie). She did not have cancer. What would prompt a healthy individual to perform such drastic and disfiguring surgery if her life were not in danger? It turns out that she carries a breast cancer gene mutation, BRCA1, which increases the chances of developing breast and ovarian cancer. The availability of genetic testing has caused prophylactic double mastectomy rates to increase dramatically. CelebritiesRead MoreTypes Of The Immune System1445 Words   |  6 Pageshuman cancer. Despite providing variably effective treatments in many cases, they are still hindered by the risk of cancer recurrence due to acquired chemo- or radio-resistance properties of some tumor cells especially tumor initiating cells [1, 2]. Recent advances in our understanding of immune system and its role in attacking tumor cells have expedited tumor control in the battle against cancer through activating immune responses [3]. Therefore, an emerging strategy in the treatment of cancers involvesRead MoreThe Importance Of Funding For Increase For Cancer Research1596 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2017, there were an estimated 1,688,780 cancer cases diagnosed and 600,920 cancer deaths for both genders (â€Å"Cancer Facts Figures† Table 1). An increase of funding could eliminate the number of cases and deaths each year in the United States. Considering that over the years funding has decreased dramatically, any type of increase would be better than nothing. According to Frank Lalli, in the past 15 years â€Å"the National Institutes of Health budget has been cut by 15.5% after inflation. This has